A Midsummer Nights Dream Performance Analysis

A Midsummer Nights Dream Performance Analysis In A Midsummer Nights Dream- How would you perform the role of: Lysander (500 words) Demetrius(500 words) Helena(500 words) Hermia(500 words) Theseus(500 words) in order to convey interpretation of the role to your audience? A point to consider before bringing the individual character interpretations into play is how to contextualise the performances within the text as a whole. In other words, the characters are not mutually exclusive entities, rather, they are interactive and woven into the landscape of the play. Therefore, I would like to propose a general outline for the overall performance. There are many ways to perform ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream,’ and the way I choose will affect elements of the characters. There have been many performances of Shakespearean drama, where the play is brought into the modern day. I however, would like to perform the play in its classic setting. I would like the play to retain its archaic time setting. It is a very self-reflexive play – it is a play about staging a play. This highlights the idea of drama at its root – the reheasrsal and work that goes into a play. I would like to leave the play in an olden day setting because it consolidates the idea of drama being detached from life through its artifice, and the play being set in a by-gone era further consolidates the idea of detaching drama from everyday life. (a)The first character I would like to look at is Lysander. He refuses to yield to Demetrius’s demand for Hermia’s hand, and risks the wrath of Theseus by eloping with Hermia. This demonstrates not only the depth of his feeling for Hermia, but also his conviction in his own beliefs, and the courage to carry out these beliefs. The comic arc of Lysander’s performance hits its climax after Puck has sprinkled the love potion into his eyes and he falls in love with Helena. I would perform the character with some hyperbole at this point, in order to convey the comic element of the text to the audience. The idea of Lysander challenging Demetrius to a duel in order to win Helena’s hand is an example of the excessive behaviour and heightened action that brings much of the comedy into the play. It is a humour that comes from the reversal of the natural order – Helena has gone from being desperately in love with Demetrius and being scorned by him to being the object of both men’s affection, for example. This reversal in the behaviour of Lysander is something I’d like to highlight in performance. I think a change in demeanor, and in vocal qualities could highlight this. At the beginning of the play, Lysander is portrayed as a romantic hero. I would convey this to the audience through his appearance; ideally, the role would be filled by a tall, handsome man. I would like him to wear a costume of light material – symbolising the innocence of the ‘true lovers’ (Hermia’s description of themselves). As I would like to keep the play true to its chromatic origins, I would like Lysander to wear a type of Athenean costume, which he could change when he enters the wood. I would like all the characters to change their costumes when they enter the forest, to represent the immense change in their environment. I would like him to don a more earthy, swarthy coloured robe, such as green, to convey the pastoral environment to the audience. I would like to focus on how the character of Lysander should be performed during the sequence in which he challenges Demetrius to a duel. The interpretation that I would like to convey to the audience is one of escalating absurdity, which contributes to humour. This would be done through the props, delivery, vocal quality, paralinguistic features and a demonstration of how Lysander relates to Demetrius in this section: Lysander †¦Helen, I love thee. By my life I do. I swear by that which I will lose for thee To prove him false that says I love thee not. Demetrius I say I love thee more than he can do. Lysander If thou say so, withdraw, and prove it too. (Scene III, Act II, lines 251-256) There is a strong sense of rhythm in these lines, and also rhyme, which contribute to the tension and sense of heightened action. I would like the actor to highlight the rhythm in his delivery. I would like Lysander to adopt a masculine stance, and to circle Dimitrius, expanding his movement around the stage, owning the stage, as it were, using the entire stage to convey to the audience that he feels he owns the space, as he prowls around it. (493 words) A character trait that emerges from the text is the point where he tells the infatuated Helena that when he says, â€Å"Tempt not too much the hatred of my spirit;/For I am sick when I do look on thee.† (Scene II Act I, lines 211-212). This utterance evokes a sense of his cruel nature, a pejorative view of Demetrius which is further consolidated when we examine the first first scene of the first act. When Lysander and Hermia are told that they cannot marry, Demetruis tells them they should let him have his â€Å"certain right.† (Scene I Act I line 92). There is subsequently a huge change in Demetruis when he falls back in love with Helena at the end of the play. This is indicative of a softening of his character – a change which I feel should be represented visually in performance. In order to convey Demetruis’s somewhat cruel, righteous nature to the audience, I think the actor should appropriate a certain demeanor. Body language could be used to demonstrate his confident, cocky side. For example, he could strut, use large gestures and also make use of all of the stage space – exercising his self imposed ‘right’ to the stage space in the same way that he wants to exercise his ‘right’ to Hermia’s hand. I would like his costume to be dark colours – such as a rich red – and flamboyant design, to contrast with Lysanders’. The vocal qualities should also demonstrate these traits. He only has two lines in scene I, act one, so it is very important how these are represented, as they will be the first impression the audience have of him. Demetrius’s lines are: Relent, sweet Hermia; and, Lysander, yield Thy crazed title to my certain right. (Scene I, Act I, lines 91-92) The way in which this line is performed is very important. As the tormented lovers, the audience feels very strongly for Hermia and Lysander, to whom the presence of Demetrius is an invasive one. I would therefore also like to convey to the audience this sense of invasion. When Demetrius says, â€Å"Relent, sweet Hermia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I would like him to walk up to Hermia, and put his arm around her, caressing her with his other hand, turning them both away from Lysander. When he speaks to Lysander, Demetrius should keep his back to Lysander, but turn his head to face him, so that his line is like an aside, as if he does not respect him. The words ‘†¦crazed title†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ should be accompanied by paralinguistic features, such as an outstretching arm to convey to the audience how much Demetrius does not want Lysander and Hermia to marry. Finally, the word ‘†¦my†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ should be over emphasized to convey that Demetrius strongly feels that Hermia shou ld be his, whether she loves him or not, because of the wishes of her father. His character, and especially his behaviour towards Helana changes at the end of the play. Whilst in the earlier stages of the play, he is confident, using large gestures and a lot of stage space, at the end of the play, I would like him to express a more tender side to the audience, to convey the development of his character: That we are awake? It seems to me That yet we sleep, we dream. Do not you think The duke was here, and bid us follow him? (Scene IV, Act I, lines 192-194) This line should be used to convey character development to the audience as it contrasts so strongly with his opening line – the use of ‘†¦you†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in contrast to ‘†¦my†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ for example. There is also a confusion in this utterance, which contrast with the confidence in the first lines. (566 words) Helena At the beginning of the play, Helena is portrayed as hapless; the scorned lover who has been wooed by Demetrius and then ignored in favour of Hermia. However, like Demetrius, Helena demonstrates a massive character development and transformation. Like Lysander, the arc of her character trajectory reaches its crescendo after Puck has sprinkled the love potion in Lysander and Demetrius’s eyes. When they both try to woo her, she feels they are mocking her, and gets angry. To best convey the transformation in her character between before and after the love potion has been dispensed, I’d like to consider how vocal quality and demeanor can be used in two of her utterances: Call you me fair? That ‘fair’ again unsay. Demetrius loves your fair. O happy fair! †¦Sickness is catching. O, were favour so, Yours would I catch, fair Hermia, ere I go. †¦O, teach me how you look, and with what art You sway the motion of Demetrius’ heart. (Scene I, Act I, lines 181-194) This except is from a long speech in which Helena proceeds to extol the virtues of Hermia, with whom Demetrius is infatuated. The key message I would like to convey to the audience from this speech is the idea that Helena is confused, upset and slightly jealous of Hermia. She is asking Hermia how she won the heart of Demetrius. In order to convey this dejection to the audience, I think the delivery of this speech should involve some rhetoric – while Helena is asking Hermia how she wooed him, and saying how fair Hermia is, my interpretation of this speech is that it is a melancholy meditation on the loss of her love. She is not looking for external answers, rather internal answers, and so it is questions she is asking herself. This could be expressed to the audience by the character of Helena distancing her self physically from the group – this would be a visual symbol of her isolation. Her demeanor and body language would be hunched and dejected, and her voice subdued a nd hushed The other speech that is a seminal moment in the performance of Helen is when she feels she is being mocked by the two men, and gets angry. Clearly her relationship with Demetrius is changed when he falls in love with her. While she may be unaware of it, the hierarchy of the relationship has been overturned, and she has now adopted a position of power. In her speech, she says: O spite! O hell! I see you are all bent To set against me for your merriment. If you were civil and knew courtesy You would not do me thus much injury. (Scene III, Act II, lines 145-148) This speech can be used to great effect to demonstrate the performance possibilities of this role. The demeanor and vocal qualities performing this speech would require differ hugely to the earlier one – with a louder voice, delivery directed at the other characters and inflated body language required. (493 words) Hermia Hermia is represented in the play as a strong, defiant young woman, prepared to take risks in order to fulfil her own desires. This is exemplified in her refusal to bow down to her father’s wish that she marry Demetrius. In the face of a death sentence, or life in a nunnery, she escapes with Lysander into the forest. Lysander’s love for Hermia, along with Demetrius’s desire, demonstrate that she is an attractive and desirable young woman. These are two important points I’d like to consider when constructing the performance of Hermia. I would like to convey to the audience her inner strength and determination, alongside her physical attractiveness. The notion of physical attractiveness could be conveyed primarily through costume and appearance. As Hermia is clearly a woman of considerable charm (illustrated when Helena asks her what charm she used to capture Demetruis’s heart), her costume should reflect this. As it is believed that she unwittingly won over Demetrius (this is an ambiguity in the text – it is possible that Demetrius loves her because her father is so impressed by him) I would also like to impress upon the audience a sense of naivete and innocence. The obvious symbolic colour of this is white. White would also look striking under the stage lights. I would use floaty fabrics for the costumes, such as organza, to communicate the ethereal quality of not only Hermia herself, but also the forest, and the magic contained within it. When Hermia leaves Athens and escapes to the forest, I would like her to adopt a robe over her dress, of green, to convey to the audience, through her change in costume, that a change is impending in the play. While the charm and beauty of the character of Hermia will be communicated visually, the inner strength and courage that I interpret as being key elements of her character, will be communicated through her demeanor. It is commonly understood in the study of body language that confident people stand up straight, unlike shy people, who hunch up, in a subconscious decision to take up less space. In this way, stage space becomes an important indicator of personality. I have mentioned before that I would, at certain points in the text like characters to use the whole space of the stage to convey a sense of confidence. I would like the performance of Hermia to adopt a comfortable use of the entire stage space. More specifically, I would like to refer to one speech that I feel is very important in the text, in Scene I, Act I, when Hermia is talking to Theseus with regards to her desire to marry Lysander: So will I grow, so live, so die, my lord, Ere I will yield my virgin patent up Unto his lordship whose unwished yoke My soul consents not to give soveregnity. (Scene I, Act I, lines 79-82) This speech is an important point at the text because Hermia makes clear her intentions to avoid marriage to Demetrius. It is a very dramatic, sensitive piece. This speech should be delivered with intensity, to convey to the audience the depth of Hermia’s feelings for Lysander. The performance should include some paralinguistic features such as moving around the stage, facial expressions and hand movements to express her feelings visually. (549 words) My understanding of Theseus is that he is a very complex character – there is conflicting evidence in the text as to his true nature. There is one utterance in the text that brings up questions regarding his true nature, when he is talking to Hippolyta and he says that: Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword, And won thy love doing thee injuries; But I will wed thee in another key: (Scene I, Act I, lines 16-18) My interpretation of this line is that Theseus raped Hippolyta. The implications of this in terms of how the character should be performed are vast. In much of the text, Theseus is represented as a pensive, thoughtful man. He kindly advises Hermia to â€Å"Take time to pause†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Scene I, Act I, line 83) when discussing the situation with her father Egeus. This scene presents him as rational and kindly. The suggestion of rape in line 16 makes the line highly important, the suggestion I would like to convey to the audience is the idea that Theseus is warning Hippolyta. In bringing the issue of the rape to the forefront, he is reminding her of the power balance in their relationship. There is also possibly some penitence in this admission. This could be communicated to the audience through the use of certain vocal qualities, demeanor and stage space. I would like Theseus’s sense of power to be conveyed to the audience in a visual way, so he would deliver this speech standing, and walking around, whilst the character of Hippolyta would be sitting down. The discrepancy in their heights would be a visual representation of the hierarchy, which would further consolidate what Theseus was saying. This is such a patriarchal power play that props could be used to represent a sense of phallocentricity – such as a sceptre – a regal and phallic symbol. The use of this prop co uld convey to the audience my interpretation of Theseus as being the patriarchal and dominant force in the opening of the play. His kingdom is run on a set of rigid rules – for example, Egeus invoking the ancient law of Athens as Hermia wants to marry Lysander. This is in stark contrast to the forest – the mysterious, feminine arena which is the binary opposite of Athens. In terms of demeanor, Theseus should be calm, and considered in his movements. I would like his costume to be of dark colours, and of neat, clean lines. This operates in contrast to Hermia’s costume – the white of her costume is a symbol of innocence while the dark of Theseus’s costume is aligned with the dark side he hints at in this speech. (440 words)

My Philosophy of Professional Nursing

As I embark on starting a new career, nursing offers me a demanding profession that involves my strength in interpersonal relations coupled with the desire to participate in a challenging career field. The nurse-patient relationship is the most important factor in starting an effective assessment of a the patient. Establishing this relationship is important to gain the trust of the patient as well as a rapid diagnosis in what will become a fiscally-challenged environment of health care.PersonIn the current environment of Health Management Organizations (HMO’s), a patient often feels that their individuals needs are not met because every visit to the HMO results in seeing a new nurse and doctor. The patient history is lost, and the individual feels detached from the â€Å"organization† of HMO’s. As a result, the patient can feel that their needs are not being met. I believe that interpersonal relations between nurse, patient, and the patient’s family is a c ritical event of the treatment process.My role as a professional nurse is being more than just a mediator for a doctor. I believe that a â€Å"nurse can serve as a resource person, counselor, and surrogate†, and â€Å"as a nurse-patient relationship develops, the nurse and patient mutually define the problems and potential solutions† (Potter, Perry, 2013). Health Mazlow’s hierarchy of needs is a philosophical model that puts health as the most basic and fundamental of needs (Potter, et. al. , 2013). In order to reach a self-actualized state of a happiness and security, the basic physiological needs of an individual must be met.A person’s psyche can be directly tied to their current health, and great amounts of distraction can be cause by â€Å"nagging† conditions that do not get resolved. While the medical advancements continue to refine and discover cures, the human factors that lead to disease and illness is still very complicated. The days of ou r youth are, for the typical person, spent in relative health, with the body in great shape to adapt and overcome many obstacles. As we age, our bodies lose some of its resiliency. Environment The environment a patient lives in can play a critical role in a patient’s health.Work factors and home living conditions provide for the majority the time that a person spends. In addition, a third of a person’s life is spent sleeping, and this can also play a pivotal role in both health and mental well-being, or alternatively, provide for a root cause of poor health. While many work and home conditions may not be a factor in some situations, the nature of an illness or personal condition can, unbeknownst to the patient, be a direct result of those conditions. Left unexplored, the patient would be left with a developing condition of unknown cause, constantly exposing themselves to the same initiating conditions.Gastams (1998) supports these factors in claiming that â€Å"it bec omes apparent that observing a person’s state of health and his or her responses to sickness and health forms an important an very specific part of the task of nursing. Nursing Given the facets of health, environment, and person, the average patient will provide an entirely unique set of initial conditions by which a nurse and doctor will seek to resolve and eventually heal the patient. My philosophy of nursing is one in which â€Å"the well-trained health care worker who co-operates with the doctors and other health care experts [is] promoting the patient’s well-being.† (Gastams, 1998)Specifically, as a nurse with high standards and a continual desire to learn, I want to be a proactive and competent provider for a patient. To do that, I believe in bringing my interpersonal skills to assist the patient and provide a conducive environment for healing and caring. â€Å"It is critical that nurses have the ability to skillfully interact with patients in any setting . This fosters trust, mutual goal-setting, therapeutic interventions, and improved learning experiences for the patient and the nurse.More often than not, nurses use a combination of nursing theories and conceptual frameworks in daily nursing practice. † (Senn, 2013) By being professional and always seeking more knowledge, I can become a resource and advocate to my patient. As McNaughton (2005) points out, â€Å"when clients used nurses as resources, they primarily used them as sources of information, as confidantes, or as partners in problem solving. † In summary, while no one theory defines my personal philosophy, I predominantly believe in the Peplau philosophy of interpersonal relations as the fundamental nursing philosophy by which I will interact with my patient.

Segregation How It Still Exists Today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1149 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Segregation Essay Did you like this example? The idea of segregation has existed in many distinct forms, racial segregation being the most familiar one to the general public. There is segregation by age, sex, religion, income, and color. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 intended to be a form of remedy to housing discrimination that lead back to the Jim Crow segregation era and it was supposed to be a gateway to the middleclass for African Americans. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Segregation: How It Still Exists Today" essay for you Create order Also known as the Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, the Fair Housing Act prohibited discrimination regarding the sales and financing of housing based on race, religion, and national origin. After the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, the Fair Housing Act was addressed to President Johnson in April of 1968 due to Dr. Kings assassination riots and he referred to this responsibility as being one of the proudest moments of his entire presidency prior to signing it. However, the country still struggles to live up to the laws that were passed in the wake of Dr. Kings assassination half a century later. For example, Independent News recently reported that a prestigious independent school in New York City had ended a policy that grouped the schools students together by race in 2017. Although it is an improvement concerning the countrys diversity, it is still evident that segregation still exists today. The NYCs school strategy definitely caused a stir amongst the students parents, m any of which reportedly deemed the policy as a form of segregation. However, the schools states that its purpose was not to segregate but to form a progressive program that is rooted in a fundamental love of learning and a connection to the real world. Do you think that this is a reasonable explanation to this absurd policy that has been kept up for many years? By merging fiscal factors with race in the measures of segregation, it is evident that there is a relevant intersection between them. For example, there is a large difference between the number of white, black, and Hispanic students that attend low and high poverty schools. Below, Figure 1 demonstrates that white students are three times more likely to attend a wealthy school than a poor school, whereas black and Hispanic students are six times as likely to attend a poor school than a wealthy one. Figure 1 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), Public Elementary/Secondary School According to Mumford Center assistants Jacob Stowell and Deirdre Oakley, there is a declining share of Hispanic and black students in majority white schools since 1990. White students have moved from schools that are mainly white, increasing their portrayal in schools that are moderately white or moderately minority. Black, Hispanic and Asian students have moved from schools that are moderately white toward those that are moderately minority. In the same period, both majority white schools and majority minorities schools have experienced a significant change in the average race composition; they experienced a heavy decline in white students and gained more Hispanic students. Although this does seem like good news, there was also a sharp decline in the number of enrollments of white students in both white and minority schools at around the same time. From 1988 to 2000, there was a 5.3 percentage point decline in the share of white students in schools of the average black student to th e current low of 30.9%. However, the current exposure of black students to white students is considerably higher than it was in 1968 (45.9% vs. 37.7%). Segregation not only applies to race or classism, but to sex and gender. During a press conference, Rep. Mark Walker, who is the chair of the conservative Republican Study Committee, referred to the groups female members as eye candy. Unsurprisingly, his remark had received backlash, especially from social media. Not long after the congressman made his comment directed towards females, social media users referred it to sexist and misogynistic. Women from all over the country have dealt with this type of sexist behavior over the last couple of centuries. Women are now working in all occupations that once were solely the domain of men, and many are in important roles in business and government. However, sex segregation still remains a problem in the workplace because the norms of society restrict occupational choices by men and women. Economists Francine Blau (Cornell University), Peter Brummund (University of Alabama), and Albert Yung-Hsu Liu (Mathematica Policy Research), examined tr ends in occupational segregation between 1970 and 2009 and found that the process of desegregation has slowed in recent times, regardless of the education level necessary for a job. (See Figure 2.) Occupational Gender Segregation in the United States:1970-2009 Figure 2 Source See Table 8 in Blau, Francine, Peter Brummund, and Albert Liu, 2013. Trends in Occupational Segretgation by Gender 1970-2009: Adjusting for the Impact of Changes in the Occupational Cding System. Demography 50(2): 471-402 Traditional economic theories have tried to explain that gender segregations are an unavoidable consequence of men and womens natural differences regarding their skills. However, contemporary economists have considered it to be discrimination by employers. According to the pollution theory of discrimination, which was written by a Harvard University Economist named Claudia Golding, men often underestimate womens skills based on their current underrepresentation in certain occupations on the assumption that increasing their representation would lower overall productivity. Of course, this is false. Despite the heavy decline in sexism, racism, and classism, researchers still argue that discrimination and segregation are perpetuated by the belief that peoples social, economic, familial roles should be fundamentally different, whether it is stereotypical or in the form of social pressures. Fortunately, with the world constantly changing, the issues regarding the different types of segregation can be fixed and it is all up to every single human being, including you. Works Cited Whitehurst, Grover J. Segretgation, Race, and Charter Schools: What Do We Know? Co-written by Richard V. Reeves, Edward Rodrigue, October 2016, pp. 27-28 https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ccf_20161021segregation_version-10_211.pdf Williams, Joseph P. Segregations Legacy. United States World Report News 20 Apr. 2018: USNews, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2018-04-20/us-is-still-segregated-even-after-fair-housing-act. 16 Nov. 2018. Brown, Deneen L. The Fair Housing Act was languishing in Congress. Then Martin Luther King Jr. was killed. The Washington Post 11 Apr. 2018: WashingtonPost https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/11/the-fair-housing-act-was-languishing-in-congress-then-martin-luther-king-jr-was-killed/?utm_term=.28d191c2ef77. 11 Nov. 2018. Schelling, Thomas C. Dynamic Models of Segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, vol 1, pp. 143-186, Gordon and Breach Science, 1971 Richards, Kimberley. Prestigious NYC School ends policy that grouped students by race. Independent https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/little-red-school-house-separate-race-children-new-york-city-segregation-a8433926.html. 13 Nov 2016. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey, 2012-13, https://nces. ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_216.60.asp. Mcgrew, Will. Gender Segregation at Work: Separate but Equal or Inefficient and Unfair Washington Center for Equitable Growth 18 August 2018: EquitableGrowth https://equitablegrowth.org/gender-segregation-at-work-separate-but-equal-or-inequitable-and-inefficient/

Environmental Stewardship And The Environment - 1406 Words

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Instead they want their investments to support needed and life supportive goods and services(Kingswood Consultants ). In this paper I will explain what ethical investments are, why ethical investments are so significant, what was the past

The Effects Of Facebook s Mood And Body Image Perception...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Facebook use to women’s mood and body image perception and to see if these effects are different from the effects of online magazine. Information that supports a problem Facebook has over a billion active users. It is the most popular social media platform that is still growing its numbers worldwide. Given that 10 million photos are uploaded to Facebook every hour, it easily provides a medium for engaging in appearance-related social comparison, especially among women. Since Facebook allow its users to upload edited and often enhanced images, women are presenting the best version of themselves. A study found that spending 20 min on Facebook lead to more negative mood than did browsing the Internet in general (not including social networking sites) or spending no time online. Multiple studies also demonstrated that individuals who spend more time on Facebook believed that others are happier and have better lives than themselves. Depth of the authors’ literature review Extensive literature was done prior to the study. The authors’ evaluated previous experimental research regarding body image and appearance related literatures. Moreover, they also examined other factors that influences idealized bodies such as magazine, television, and music videos. The authors considered multiple components of attractiveness for women such as face, hair, and skin and how these components play a role in body image concerns. MethodsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Body Image1663 Words   |  7 Pageshigher levels of social comparison and body checking than non-users? Countless scientific studies and research focus on the effects of social media platforms on body image, social comparison, and image satisfaction. Author Erin A. 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An Overview of Peace and Conflict Free Essays

AN OVERVIEW OF PEACE AND CONFLICT DEFINITIONS: Peace is often seen as the converse of war. i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of Peace and Conflict or any similar topic only for you Order Now peace and war as two sides of the same coin. Hence the definition of peace as the absence of war, and that of war as the absence of peace The problem with this definition is that it does not explain everything about peace and war For example even in situations of war, some conditions of peace still prevail. E. g. in spite the long years of hostilities between the Israelis and Palestinians, both have been able to reach a peaceful agreement on the use of their water resources. Secondly, the definition does not take into account the issue of structural violence, in the words of John Galtung. According to Galtung, war represents only one form of violence, which is physical, open and direct. The others form of violence has to do with social conditions of life. This consists of †¢Poverty †¢Exclusion †¢Intimidation †¢Oppression †¢Want †¢Fear and †¢Other forms of psychological pressure So from this analysis, it is possible not to have peace even where there is no war. This is the situation in countries where there is acute poverty, police brutality, oppression of the poor by the rich, use of power to intimidate people by those in power. Even where there is no war in such societies, they may not experience peace (Ibeanu) OTHER VIEW OF CONFLICT: †¢Conflict as the pursuit of incompatible interests and goals by different groups †¢Conflict occurs as a struggle over values. The values may be in terms of physical of material possessions or resources, status or power. (Louise Coser) †¢Central to conflict is the issue of perception. When one party perceives the action of another as preventing or blocking the attainment of a goal, conflict is said to occur. Therefore the two ingredients necessary for conflict to occur are: ? Perceived goal incompatibility ?Perceived opportunity for interference or blocking. In other words, conflict occurs when an intended action is perceived to be inimical or detrimental to the realization of one’s objective Generally perception is a product of man’s physiological, cognitive and cultural dispositions which of course differ from person to persons, and from one environment to another. Therefore, we can say that conflict is inevitable to the extent that it is fundamental to the existence of any institution, body or society It is inevitable because human beings are naturally different from one another in their attitude, perception and orientation. But conflicts could be destructive if not properly handled. Hence we often sat that the way and manner conflicts are resolved differentiates one organization or society from another. VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE OF PEACE †¢To the Instrumentalists: Peace is a means to an end. Here the absence of war serves the objective of social progress and development. In other words, where there is peace, society will experience positive transformation in all facets of life. 2. TO THE FUNCTIONALISTS: Peace has a social function of integration and order. That peace is fundamental if society is to function properly. If not the social and political system will experience stress, and then brake down. 3. TO THE PHILOSOPHERS: Many philosophers interpret peace as a natural, original, God-given state of human existence. i. e. , the pre-corruption state of man in society, as God established it. This is the God’s created state of perfection. EXAMPLES OF PHILOSOPHERS †¢St. Augustine of Hippo: He distinguished between â€Å"two cities†, namely; The city of God, founded on perfect heavenly peace and spiritual salvation; and the Earthly city of man, founded on acquisition and possessive mentality of man, but corrupt and always in conflict. †¢John Rousseau: He sees from the angle of a state of nature, the original state of existence of man where there are no desires, where men were naturally good, free and enjoy tranquility. But this atmosphere was corrupted by human desire and greed for private property †¢THOMAS HOBBES His argument was that peace is a product of the state of nature where life was poor nasty, brutish and short, and where society was in a state of perpetual war. For men to overcome this sorry state, they resolved to establish a social contract in which each gave up his/her right to self defiance to powerful force (what he called the leviathan) above all to which all were subject, thus creating a more peaceful and orderly life †¢THE HEDONISTS AND UTILITARIANS Argue that human beings naturally seek happiness and avoid pain, and consequently prefer peace to war and violence. PLATO: He addresses the social context of peace. He sees justice as the most fundamental basis of ordered social life. For him, justice is the basis of peaceful social life. Justice is given to each his or her live. Plato defines society in terms of three classes of people: – Workers – engaged in production – men of appetite – Soldiers – defend the society – men of cour age -Rulers – Govern the society – Men of Knowledge Each must operate within his area of competence, and where this does not operate, he sees injustice †¢SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF PEACE The Sociologist also addresses the social context of peace †¢The Sociologist sees peace as a condition of social harmony, the absence of social antagonisms †¢Peace to the sociologist, is a condition in which there is no social conflict and individuals and groups are able to meet their needs and expectations This is achieved through the establishment of structures to perform certain basic functions of society; for example a society must service, it must educate it citizens, produce goods government and its often provide security for its members. To achieve these structures such as schools, industries, parliaments, courts and armed forces are established. †¢Therefore to the sociologists, peace is achieved where these structures perform their functions adequately †¢TO THE MARXISTS: †¢Conflict is a product of dialectical materialism †¢It is a product of the structure of rewards in the society †¢It is a reflection of the nature of class and class struggle †¢This breeds a struggle for the control of the means of production in the society †¢The result of the attendant inequality is in two folds; Violence perpetrated by the upper class on the oppressed – Violence engineered by the oppressed against the ruling class – revolutionary violence. Hence the phrase â€Å"Those who make peaceful change impossible make violent change inevitable† †¢Political Perspective of Peace †¢Politically peace is synonymous with political order when the political structures are stable, we talk of peace in the society: †¢Peace is also seen as a political condition that makes justice possible. The colapse of the political structures lead men to seek other route to enforce their will. These may be in the form of Mob action, demonstration, strikes or even military coups To ensure peace therefore the political structures must be stable and effective to extent that they perform their role. Politically, these must guarantee citizens participation in the political process; ensures tolerance of opposing views; and encourage bargaining and negotiation. Also politically speaking, peace suggests that government does not rely on coercion and the instruments of force (such as army, police) in dealing with citizens Instead people willingly accept and obey the dictates of government Peace in this sense connotes mutual consent and agreement to respect the rules governing a society whether locally or internationally. But the question is whose order? Must every political order be sustained just to ensure peace (e. g. The Nazis, Mobutus, Abacha) How to cite An Overview of Peace and Conflict, Essay examples

Marijuana Analysis Essay Example For Students

Marijuana Analysis Essay Cannabis Sativa (marijuana) has been thought tobe an illegal and very harmful drug for many years. But asyou read this report you will learn that marijuana has beenaround for many years (most years legal) and isnt asharmful as some people may think. Marijuana has beenused for many things in the past, including medicine, hemprope, crude cloth and enjoyment. Now it is mainly used asa narcotic. Marijuana is an illegal weed that grows up toeighteen feet tall with little or no cultivation. The plant hasmany branches that extend with large, hairy, pointed leaveswith saw tooth edges. Marijuana grows wild all over theworld and in some states and countries its legal. Cloth andrope are made from the stem which contains a tough fibercalled hence. The mind-altering drug in marijuana is calledDelta-9-Tetrahydrocannibinol, or THC. The mildest formof marijuana contains between zero to three percent ofTHC. Most of the THC is contained in the resign, which issecreted around the flowers, seeds, and to pmast leaves. Until recently it was thought that only the female plantcontained the drug. But it is now known that both thefemale and the male plants contain THC. THC stays in thebody for about 28 days. Marijuana can be prepared manydifferent ways therefore it has many different ways ofentering the body. When smoked the THC goes into thelungs, directly into the bloodstream and to every cell in yourbody. The effects depend upon the level of potency andhow much is consumed. The main effects of smoking are:the heart rate may increase from 80 beats to 150 beats aminute, the bronchial tubes enlarge and become relaxedallowing extra oxygen to enter the body, giving a High likefeeling. There are no immediate physiological effects. Thefeeling usually lasts from one to three hours. Marijuana canalso be ingested as a drink, cakes, brownies or many otherfoods. When consumed in foods the effects start after onehalf-hour and last from three to four hours. The potency ofMarijuana has increased at least ten times or 275% sincethe 1960s. Marijuana can be measured by its therapeuticratio, (the difference between the size of the dose neededfor the desired effect and the! size that producespoisoning). The therapeutic ratio in marijuana has yet to befound. The negative long term effects of heavy marijuanause are, possible lung cancer, heart attacks in juveniles,strokes in people under forty, and it depletes the brain ofserotonin and the user may lose his sense of well being ormay become depressed. The user may lose his short-termmemory, but after a week of not using it is usually regained. High Times Magazine. Marijuana contains about 400chemicals that break down into 2000 or more. One jointcontains as much tar as fourteen cigarettes. HumanRelations Media The traditional medications used to treatAIDS sufferers cause a wide range of side effects. Virtuallythe only medicine capable of treating the entire spectrum ofside effects without causing harm to the user is marijuana. There are now 30 diseases listed under the conditionknown as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS. Most AIDS sufferers will contract several of these 30during the course of their illness before finally succumbingto one of them. The traditional medications used in boththeir treatment and as prophylaxisor preventioncause awide range of side effects, including loss of appetite,nausea, headaches, depression, pain, disorientation andfevers. Virtually the only medicine capable of treating theentire spectrum of side effects without causing harm to theuser is marijuana. Naturally, it remains illegal. Provided bythe High Times website. Marijuana is one of the oldestand widely used drugs in the world. It is the second mostpopular intoxicant, next to alcohol. There are two hundredmillion users in the country, and sixty million say that theyhave tried it. Only 40% of high school students graduatedin 1995 without ever trying it. Approximately 33% ofpeople who try it become regular users within three to fiveyears. Smugglers traveling to the U.S.A. from Columbia,Jamaica, and Mexico bring in five billion dollars worth eachyear. Recently a large ship was spotted off of the U.S. A Writing Experience Essaycoast unloading thirty-three tons of marijuana ontoAmerican soil. There have been over 9 million arrests formarijuana-law violations in the United States since 1965,with another arrest every 2 minutes. Over 80% of thesearrests are for possession for personal consumption,according to the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports. Many ofthe 20% that are labeled sale/manufacturing in the FBIsreport actually involve cultivation for personal use orpossession of an amount large enough (usually over anounce) that the police infer possession with intent todistribute, even though it might actually have been forpersonal consumption. But in Singapore and Malaysia itsanother story. There, the death penalty is handed out toanyone in possession of drugs. In twenty years twohundred and fifty people have been hung for possession. Marijuana can be used for more than just the illegal use ofgetting high. As you have read, it helps in medicine and thestem can be used to make clothes or rope. Marijuana isone of the mildest drugs out there and the one of the onlydrugs that serves another purpose besides a trip or ahigh. Marijuana Analysis Essay Example For Students Marijuana Analysis Essay Some call it the demon weed some call it just plane fun well hereis the official statistics on the plant known as Marijuana. Forstarters well go with the health part of the plant. Many Educational and or other health videos in school have you believe thatMarijuana is going to ruin your life and leave you brain dead, but therehas been no known proof that it has had any long term brain damage tothe human brain. The only damage suggested by American MedicalAssociation (AMA) is that it effects the short term memory and they onlybelieve your memory will be affected as long as you smoke it in largeamounts afterwards when you quit they say memory should return tonormal. The AMA also states that the drug is better in your lungs thanTabacco in the way that it does less damage because people smoke it lessto get the effects needed. They also say that you still shouldnt smokeit and it would be healthier to ingest the drug. There have also beenfalse reports made on the drug to scare people away f rom using it. Forinstance Dr. Gabriel Nahas was fired for falsifying reports that thedrug did kill humans by experimenting on monkeys. He put the animalsinto a room and exposed them to proportionally more Marijuana than ahuman would smoke in a life time to prove his point, but he hid the factof the amount of smoke used. The AMA supports the legalization ofMarijuana because its applications to medical use in many ways. Deaths due to weed. So far there have been no deaths due toMarijuana recorded, in fact the only way to actually overdose on thedrug is by smoking three quarters of a ton of it in fifteen minutes!!yes you heard it folks fifteen minutes! Doing this is humanlyimpossible in fact you are more likely to pass out before accomplishingthis task. The only deaths are related to people using the drug thentrying to perform other tasks like driving or to perform some other taskwhich involves large amounts of concentration. In fact a only 75 peoplein America are killed in Marijuana r elated incidents a year. Here is a chart showing the deaths in overdose and or long term use ofother drugs in comparison to Marijuana per year. *Tabbacco.. 340,000-395,000 Alcohol (excluding accident or crime) 125,000 +Prescription 24,000-27,000Illegal Drugs (excluding Marijuana). 3,800-5,200Marijuana 0* Source Government Bureau of Mortality StatisticsThe drug hasnt been involved in many if at all any violentcrimes. In fact Federal Bureau of Narcotics Director Harry Anslingerreports that Marijuana is not a violence inducing drug, it is the exactopposite it is a anti-violent drug or a pacifist. Every year Twentymillion people either smoke or attempt to smoke the drug they includeArtists, Musicians, Writers, Inventors and yes even Lawyers. He saysthat they could be some of the happiest people you know. 🙂Marijuana is in no way addictive and the statement of the drugbeing a stepping stone for greater more dangerous drugs is false. Studies have shown that it has the same effect as Caffeine, sugar, oralcohol. The only crimes usually ever committed are having thepossession or smoking the drug. THCTHC or Tetrahydrocannabinol is the active ingredient in Marijuanait causes minor hallucinations, what appears to be the slowing down oftime and is also considered a downer or depressant. THC can be found inthree forms Marijuana, Hashish, and Hashish Oil. Marijuana or Cannabissativa also known weed the most widely used for of THC and is theonly plant known to produce it. The plant is most commonly know as aweed usually takes six to seven months to start budding the bud is thepart of the plant that is usually smoked and or eaten. The plantrequires a rather warm and moist place to grow properly. If not grownproperly the plants THC level is reduced dramatically. Hashish is defined in the websters dictionary as a narcoticderived from hemp that is chewed, smoked or drunk for its intoxicatingeffects. Well I guess that is about the best way you could put it. Hashish is most widely used in the Netherlands and Germany in placescalled well Hashish Bars. There you can purchase it and use it w hichis very uncommon for most countries because it is illegal every whereelse. Hashish Oil is pretty much the same thing but it is in an oilform therefor making it more potent. The first known use of marijuana is in 8000 B.C. where it was usedfor clothing and other useful little items. The first known time thatmarijuana was smoked was in the year 2700 B.C. in the country of Chinafor religious purposes. Famous people that are have said to smoke thedrug were Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, and yesit was even rumored that John F. Kennedy Jr. was to have smoked itbecause it remedied his back problems. How Marijuana is SmokedThere are many different ways that people have invented to smokeit. The three main ways are the Joint, the Bowl, and one of the mostliked styles the Bong. Joints are one of the most commonly used typesof weed smoking. It involves using a small sheet of paper calledrolling papers these can be bought at any local convenience store. Youroll the Marij uana by hand into the paper like a cigarette. Another common way of taking in the smoke is through a small pipeor Bowl. This is the easiest version of smoking it in that you onlyhave to put the drug into a relatively small container like you wouldstuff Tabacco into a pipe. These are usually found in Cigarette andTabacco selling locations. Canadian Health Care VS. U.S. Health Care EssayThe least common but healthiest way to smoke the drug is throughwhat the inventive, yet scientifically smart smokers have come up withcalled a Bong. This device has many features to it, for instance youuse water in this device to filter out the worst part of the smoke andleave nearly all THC. Some Bongs and Bowls come with what smokers calla carb which increases the hits intensity and volume. The governments standing on Marijuana seems to be constantlychanging. Most States spend millions of dollars in trying to control thesubstance and stop its use and distribution. Some people think that itsa waste of time to spend the money and time on doing so but others seemto feel differently about it ( probably because they never used itbefore ) and try to futile stamp out its use. Just recently Californiapass a law saying that it was legal to have the possession of and smokethe drug but only for medical use and even then the law is very stricton the people that smoke it legally. Drug testing for Marijuana is relatively simple yet kind of odd. Adoctor will walk up to you with a small plastic disposable cup and hewill ask you for a urine sample. Now do not take offense at this, thisis what you have to do for the test hes not some weirdo asking for aurine sample for his collection back at home. He will then take thesample to a lab and go through the gruesome progress of seeing if youurine sample has traces of THC in it the average test will take about aday. There are a few good but extremely odd ways of defeating the testif you now your going to test positive one of which is a pill calledGolden seal not much is known about how it does it but it does flushyour system of the drug. Another way is a little more odd than thefirst you drink lots of vinegar (yuk!) I know what your going to say Iwont do that ever! Well your wrong when it comes down to it, if younice paying job is on the line well chug chug chug away cause that isa qu ick way to do it. There is another way to test for Marijuana and that is though hairsampling. This process is allot more expensive than urine sampling butit is more effective in detecting the drug. In fact the only way to notget detected is to shave every single hair off your body, and thatmeans EVERY hair including eyelashes, eyebrows, armpit hairs, leg hairs,arm hairs, and yes even down in the spot where it counts. If you doknow your going to take a hair test well kiss the job goodbye cause wellI think they will know when you come in for the test with out a singlehair on your body. Well Im going to cut things short hope you dont mind but Imgoing to pass out otherwise. Its been fun ta ta.