Narrative Report Essay

The idea of having On the Job Training had given me an excitement; excitement to experience work inside the office, meet new people, feel a different environment and be independent. It also help us to become a young professional. I learned more about what On-the-Job Training means and to be patient is more important when you have relationship regarding work with other people especially when you do not know them well. I met new friends inside the CGS Department. I was challenge to do good on every task they will give me. I experience facing different people. Having time management, being responsible on the task given and having good relationship with other people are important. On my On the Job Training I observe that everyone should be alert and attentive at the same time and they can’t afford to commit a mistake because it will affect everything that every cluster was working on for example their auditing, computing and the details even the names. Despite of their busy work, they never fail to put smile on their face. As an trainee we are required to participate in making surprises for those employees who promote in higher position and employees having a birthday celebration. The environment I had on my On the Job Training had an impact to me. I built good relationship with my co-workers and co-trainees. The good environment helped me to have positive vibes as I do my works. Corporate Government Sector (Cluster 5)- This is the office where I was assigned to conduct my On-the-Job Training. On my first day of training, I was very excited and somewhat nervous because of the new environment and the new people surrounding me. I didn’t have any idea of what kind of people they are and it made me adjust myself with their personalities and attitudes. One of my trainee supervisor Ms. Fe Lynette Bautista accompanied me to my table where I will be staying during my On-the-Job Traing. During that moment, I felt that I was really an office girl already having my own office chair and table. The first task that my training supervisor asked me to do is to answer telephone calls and telefax. My other trainee supervisor Mr. Felix Morgado taught me to operate telephones, telefax, printers and Xerox machine. After that the head of the cluster 5 Director Dehlia Agatep taught me what to say when theres a phone call, â€Å"Good morning/Good afternoon, Cluster5, How may I help you†. She also taught me how to transfer the call to her office if theres someone who wants to talk to her. My second day, Ms. Editha Palita our Administrative officer asked me to arrange the payslip of the employees, their Rice allowance payslip, Performance based bonus payslip, Basic commodities assistance payslip and July 2014 payslip. At the same time, my ears had to be attentive so that I can hear if theres a phone calls. Some may laugh at my first week which is answering phone calls, making and receiving telefax, photocopy files and arranging slips, but they do not know that I’ve learned many things that which I may used in my future work. My first week was really good start and I was motivated to perform excellently because of what I have already accomplished and because of my trainee supervisors who were very accommodating and kind to me. On my second week of my On-the-Job Training, there are many things that I have accomplished. I was tasked to encode the Department names under the CGS-cluster5. I also printed, it will be the front page of every department’s document so that whenever they need it, they could find it easy. I was also asked to write the important details of the file copies of the official documents to the releasing logbook and after writing the important details, I have to give the file copy of the official documents to the finance office, accounting office and ascom’s office and make them sign on the releasing logbook so that there’s a proof that they already receive it. Just like my first week, my daily tasked was to answer phone calls, make and receive telefax, print documents and arrange some files and documents. Everytime Mr. Felix Morgado calls me for help, I can feel my heart beat like a drum because I always thought he’ll give me hard task. He is slightly strict but an encouraging one. He always tells me to study hard for my family, especially for my parents who are supporting me in every possible way. This second week was really heavy week but despite of it, I really learned a  lot not just academically but socially as well as because I learned to adjust myself to the people I am with and I learn to socialized with them in a good manner.

Organizational Behavior Essay

Organizational Behavior Instructor: Rachana Misraraj December 10, 2012 Organizational Behavior Analysis Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. â€Å"Organizational behavior is a misnomer. It is not the study of how organizations behave, but rather the study of individual behavior in an organizational setting. This includes the study of how individuals behave alone, as well as how individuals behave in groups(Werthiem, 2004). † The purpose of organizational behavior is to gain a greater understanding of those factors that influence individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting so that individuals and the groups and organizations to which they belong may become more efficient and effective. The field also includes the analysis of organizational factors that may have an influence upon individual and group behavior. Much of organizational behavior research is ultimately aimed at providing human resource management professionals with the information and tools they need to select, train, and retain employees in a fashion that yields maximum benefit for the individual employee as well as for the organization. The purpose of the paper below is to analyze the organizational behavior of my current or former employer (current: Street, Water, and Sewer Department for my town), by describing how each of the components listed below influences the behavior of the organization in a negative or positive manner, and they include, the Type of culture (Pluralism, Dualism or Salad bowl? ); Modes of communication (Describe the dominant communication form used, e. g. written or verbal); Nature of authority (recognized social rank); Motivational techniques (Describe the motivational driving forces e. g. Intrinsic or extrinsic used to influence productivity and performance? ); Areas of EQ incorporated (Describe how the organization embraces the theory of emotional intelligence); and How are the components of a virtual organization embraced? (Explain how the organization embraces new paradigms such as teleworking and virtual offices? ). Grasping a complex and knowledgeable understanding on why, when, where and how, organizational behavior functions and operates, can provide great tools and skills to an individual or organization to better manage behavior and productivity within a company. I currently work for as a laborer for the Water/Sewer department for my county/town. As a member of the STREET department which is responsible for the maintenance and repair of City roads and right-of-ways; maintenance and repair of drainage located on City property; installation and maintenance of signs and roadway markings; and removal of snow and ice. The Employee’s operates, maintains and repairs various machinery, tools, and equipment. As for the water department, this position is responsible for maintenance and repair of City’s WATERLINE system. Installs any and all new additions to the existing distribution system as well as performs necessary maintenance and or repairs to any part of the water distribution system. Performs miscellaneous duties such as operating and repairing equipment, general clean up, concrete finishing, painting, etc. Uses various hand tools, power tools, heavy equipment and machinery. As a member of the WASTEWATER(Sewer)Department which is responsible for maintenance and repair of the City’s sewer line system. Employee performs necessary maintenance, repairs, and/or replacement of sewer system components. Employee uses various hand tools, power tools, heavy equipment, trucks, and machinery. Employee performs miscellaneous duties such as operating and repairing equipment, general clean up, concrete finishing, painting, etc. Good communications skills are required as this position frequently deals directly with the public. The primary hours of this position are Monday through Friday during the day; however, extended shifts and overtime on weekends, evenings, and holidays may be required. Therefore organizational behavior skills are a must. Type of culture (Pluralism, Dualism or Salad bowl? ) Culture can be defined as the cultivated behavior that is socially transmitted. It involves the accumulation of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, experiences, religion, relations, concepts of the universe, values, meanings, roles, notions of time, relations, material possessions and objects acquired and a way of life of a group of people throughout the generations. When it comes to the type of culture on my job I would have to describe it as a pluralism type of culture. This refers to the type of culture whereby smaller groups of people within a large society tend to maintain their unique culture identities and their values, behaviors and identities are well accepted by the wider society or culture. The minor groups of people participate fully within the dominant society while still maintaining their cultural differences. It involves coexistent of different cultures in a location without the domineering of one particular culture. The human differences that exist are accepted by the majority and hence it eliminates discrimination in the form of racialism or sexism. It can also be refereed to as multiculturalism (Henry, 2011). † Within the three departments that I participate and work in, there are 5 different nationalities of workers who coincide within the organization, and they include African American, Mexican, Caucasian, Latino, and American Indian. Each and every one of these individuals, have their own way of living, eating, etc.. But when everyone clocks in in the morning, we are all one cohesive group, who knows that the main goal is to come to work, be safe, respect your fellow co-worker, get the job done in a professional manner, and most importantly be in the best interest of the tax payers and the town in general, while at the same time excepting who each individual is a person, where they come from, and their cultural differences. This influences the company in a positive manner because, it incorporates good behavior on the job, respect for the job, positive progress for the people participating at the job, and goal completion. Modes of communication (Describe the dominant communication form used, e. g. written or verbal) â€Å"Communication consists of transmitting, receiving, and processing information. In organizations, communications flow between individuals, between levels in the organizational hierarchy, between departments, and between the company and outside publics. Effective communication has often been linked to interpersonal and company success (Baak, 2012). † Communication is of high importance on any job, especially the one that I work for, due to the risks that are associated with the work and projects that we take on. Even though we may use written communication from time to time, describing what our daily goals and tasks are, verbal communication is the dominant mode of communication throughout the organization. Whether it be verbal or non verbal, both revolve around the importance of everyone, working in sync with one another and most importantly working safely around your fellow co-worker. One example is, when we are replacing larger water lines (12 inches in diameter) within a trench, which may be at a depth of 2ft to 14ft. Therefore, when a worker is in the trench digging around and locating the pipe, there must to be a competent person at the top of the trench looking for cracks or imperfections in the walls, where a potential cave in could happen, injuring or killing the person in the hole. So, verbal communication is regularly used when there is no machinery running, and you have to alarm the workers of a dangerous situation. And non-verbal communication is used, when a gas powered saw is in operation to cut a pipe, in which, the worker cannot hear you verbally, thus non verbal actions and communication are used to alarm the worker of potential danger and they are pulled out of the trench before anything catastrophic occurs. On that note, this influences the company on a postive level, because, both verbal and non-verbal communication is the dominant and vital mode of communication, that provides protection for a safe work environment. Nature of authority (recognized social rank) The nature of authority is also very important on my job because, each individual respects the fact that one should not go over the next persons head of authority, or having curiosity about a co-workers way of life without discussing it with them first. Because, there are individuals on the job who have been there 20 years, 10 years, 5 years, etc, therefore when you join a team or a group of people, you become part of that organizations social system, and you must adjust and relate to that world of work. â€Å"The variables in an organizational system operate in a working balance called social equilibrium. Individuals make a psychological contract that defines their personal relationship with the system. â€Å"When they contribute to the organization’s success, we call their behavior functional. The broad environment that people live in is their social culture, and a major change in it can lead to cultural shock. People need to accept and appreciate the value that cultural differences can contribute to the success of an organization (www. angel fire. com). † â€Å"Other important cultural factors include the work ethic and corporate attitudes toward social responsibility. Role is the pattern of action expected of a person in activities involving others. Related ideas are role perceptions mentors, role conflict, and role ambiguity. Status is the social rank of a person in a group, and it leads to status systems and possibly status anxiety. Organizational cultures reflect the assumptions and values that guide a firm. They are intangible but powerful influences on employee behavior. Participants learn about their organization’s culture through the process of socialization and influence it through individualization (www. angel fire. com). On that note, the nature of authority can be both positive and negative, because, from a negative standpoint it can be used for growth in power in domination. But from a positive standpoint, it can be sued for uplifting other coworkers, by improvising their skills, capabilities and more importantly, their motivational drive on the job. Motivational techniques (Describe the motivational driving forces e. g. Intrins ic or extrinsic used to influence productivity and performance? ) Due to the constant and unpredictable adjustments that my organization goes through, behavior can change in a instant, with each and every individual on the job. Therefore, motivational techniques are a concurrent thing, on a day to day basis. â€Å"There is no doubt that motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals. Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the actions required to achieve a goal, without relying on external rewards or pressures (Amin, 2011). † In my organization the motivational driving force is intrinsic, because pride is everything to a man more than anything, therefore everyone on the job feels a sense of obligation to achieve the goals presented to them to their best ability. Productivity and performance stays at an all time high and positive level, thus, whatever daily goal is presented to us, is handled with confidence and integrity. Our motivation consist of reminding ourselves that what we do, is what we enjoy to do, what we do is appreciated by the tax payers & family and most importantly we enjoy knowing that our skills and capabilities are worth the time and effort that we put forth to learn and achieve the skills and tools to complete present and future organizational objectives. Areas of EQ incorporated (Describe how the organization embraces the theory of emotional intelligence) Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others claim it is an inborn characteristic. And it consists of four branches that include perceiving emotions, reasoning with emotions, understanding emotions and managing emotions (Cher ry, 2012). † Based on the high demands of my job, my co-workers and myself included, may at times have high emotions about whether something on the job is not going right, and show some form of frustration without even knowing it sometimes. Therefore my our organization constantly issues EQ (emotional intelligence ), reminder courses, that helps the crews keep a stable mind set when working in dangerous areas, and if something goes wrong, we use the EQ tools to control and manage our emotions for the sake/safety of our well being the others that are around. EQ classes have been very positive for the organization over the past 5 years, and every since the integration there have been no altercations, accidents, or incidents on the job at all. A 100% success rate. How are the components of a virtual organization embraced? (Explain how the organization embraces new paradigms such as teleworking and virtual offices? ) â€Å"Traditional brick and mortar businesses may become a thing of the past. Today’s modern workplace has embraced the virtual environment. The ultimate goal of the virtual organization is to provide innovative, high-quality products or services instantaneously in response to customer demands (Hamilton, 2012). On that note, my organization has embraced the components of a virtual organization on a very positive and useful level. For example, in the Water/sewer department, we are responsible for the distribution of bills/and cut-off notices for the water use throughout the city. For decades, this task was done by hand; by hand I mean driving to each and every house in the city, knocking on the door, and handing the customer their water/sewer bill for that month. Ever since the company embraced the compo nents of a virtual organization, these tasks are now obsolete. Now we contact the customers, through email, text messaging, and voicemails. When the customer has a question about their bill, they are able to contact the office and have a videoconference with the workers in the water/sewer department, to discuss whatever problem they are having with their water/sewer bill, or their water/sewer in general. My organization has also embrace the concept of a virtual organization in the street department. When there is a down power line, streetlight, street sign, blocked up drain pipes, etc. my organization has integrated a beacon system that alerts us when any of these incidents have occurred and in what area. All we have to do is acknowledge the beacon alert, log on to our computers, locate the problem, and proceed to fix the issue at hand. Integrating the components of a virtual organization has been immensely helpful and positive to our over all daily tasks and duties. In conclusion, Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledg e about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. The purpose of organizational behavior is to gain a greater understanding of those factors that influence individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting so that individuals and the groups and organizations to which they belong may become more efficient and effective. Culture can be defined as the cultivated behavior that is socially transmitted. It involves the accumulation of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, experiences, religion, relations, concepts of the universe, values, meanings, roles, notions of time, relations, material possessions and objects acquired and a way of life of a group of people throughout the generations. When it comes to the type of culture on my job I would have to describe it as a pluralism type of culture. Communication consists of transmitting, receiving, and processing information. In organizations, communications flow between individuals, between levels in the organizational hierarchy, between departments, and between the company and outside publics. Effective communication has often been linked to interpersonal and company success. The nature of authority is also very important on my job because, each individual respects the fact hat one should not go over the next persons head of authority, or having curiosity about a co-workers way of life without discussing it with them first. Due to the constant and unpredictable adjustments that my organization goes through, behavior can change in a instant, with each and every individual on the job. Therefore, motivational techniques are a concurrent thing, on a day to day basis. Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perce ive, control and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others claim it is an inborn characteristic. And it consists of four branches that include perceiving emotions, reasoning with emotions, understanding emotions and managing emotions. Traditional brick and mortar businesses may become a thing of the past. Today’s modern workplace has embraced the virtual environment. The ultimate goal of the virtual organization is to provide innovative, high-quality products or services instantaneously in response to customer demands. All in all the purpose of the paper above, was to analyze the organizational behavior of my current or former employer (current: Street, Water, and Sewer Department for my town), by describing how each of the components listed below influences the behavior of the organization in a negative or positive manner, and they include, the Type of culture (Pluralism, Dualism or Salad bowl? ); Modes of communication (Describe the dominant communication form used, e. g. written or verbal); Nature of authority (recognized social rank); Motivational techniques (Describe the motivational driving forces e. . Intrinsic or extrinsic used to influence productivity and performance? ); Areas of EQ incorporated (Describe how the organization embraces the theory of emotional intelligence); and How are the components of a virtual organization embraced? (Explain how the organization embraces new paradigms such as teleworking and virtual offices? ). Grasping a complex and knowledgeable understanding on why, when, where and how, organizational behavior functions and operates, can provide great tools and skills to an individual or organization to better manage behavior and productivity within a company. References Amin,. (July 21, 2011). Motivate your team intrinsically or extrinsically? Retrieved on December 10, 2012 from http://blog. 7geese. com/2011/07/21/intrinsic-vs-extrinsic-motivation/ Baack, D. (2012). Organizational behavior. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Cherry, K. (2012). What Is Emotional Intelligence? Definitions, History, and Measures of Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved on December 10, 2012 from http://psychology. about. com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/emotionalintell. htm Hamilton, D. Dr. (April 23, 2012). Today’s Organizations Embracing Virtual Business. Retrieved on December 10, 2012 from http://drdianehamilton. wordpress. com/2012/04/23/todays-organizations-embracing-virtual-business/ Henry,. (April 4, 2004). Culture Definitions and Types. Retrieved on December 10, 2012 from http://language. ezinemark. com/culture-definitions-and-types-17b25a011fd. html Wertheim, E. G. (February 22, 2004). Historical Background of Organizational Behavior. Retrieved on December 10, 2012 from http://ehcweb. ehc. edu/faculty/ljcumbo/downfiles/historyofOB. pdf http://www. angelfire. com/blues/cannonsessays/org_behavior/ORGANIZATIONAL_BEHAV

Business Essays – Puma Company Brand

Business Essays Puma Company Brand Puma Company Brand 1. Executive Summary Puma AG is a multinational company that is based in German and manufactures high athletic and sportswear shoes both for women and men, It was founded by Rudolf Dassler after a dispute with his brother Adi Dassler with whom they had founded the Dassler Schuhfabrik in 1924. Puma had a very poor brand image that show a decline in its market share and prompted puma to change it strategic decisions to improve on its image, this process of change was led by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO based on phases one to four of strategic plan to change puma’s image so that it can compete favorable in the marketplace and within a couple of years Jochen Zeitz had change puma’s brand image into one of the most desirable and sought after brand of sportswear and footwear worn both buy celebrities and fashion followers all over the word. 1.1 Introduction Puma was founded in Dassler Schuhfabrik, Herzogenaurach, Germany by Rudolf Dassler after a dispute with hi s brother Adi Dassler with whom they had founded the Dassler Schuhfabrik in 1924. Until early 2003 puma had a very poor brand image that show a decline in its market share and prompted puma to change it strategic decisions to improve on its image, this process of change was led by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO based on phases one to four of strategic plan to change puma’s image so that it can compete favorable in the marketplace and within a couple of years Jochen Zeitz had change puma’s brand image into one of the most desirable and sought after brand of sportswear and footwear worn both buy celebrities and fashion followers all over the word. This report is divided in three parts, Part one presents the factors that influenced puma to change it brand image and it further goes to describe these factors under Macro-environmental analysis basing on market trends, rivalry between customers and strategic group mapping. The second part presents the puma’s resources and capab ilities in terms of strengths and weakness as well as virtuallity as seen as strengthens and the third part of the report presents puma’s winning strategies basing on pumas situation that fits the company, sustainable completive advantages and as a better performing company. According to case study of Puma AG (in Thompson, A.A., Strickland, A.J. and Gamble, J. (2005) Crafting and Executing Strategy (Fourteenth Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, pages C411- C432), The environmental and competitive factors that influenced Puma’s strategic decision to improve its Brand image is identified under Macro- environmental factors, rivalry between competitors and strategic group mapping as below. 1.1.2 Macro –environmental factors Lack of social acceptance of Puma brand from the upper class customers who were not willing to wear the brand because they considered to of poor quality and were sold â€Å" dirt-cheap † Puma’s brand was compromised and this a affecte d it’s value for example Rudi’s son wanted puma products to reach all the customers of all social back ground and this move was seen by the upper class people as some thing below them and they can not be seen wearing the same brand as people on welfare recipients. In order for pumas brand to be accepted as a high quality brand of value, force puma to change and improve its brand so that it can be socially accepted by customers.

Public Health Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Public Health Report - Essay Example One suggestion for getting involved in hunger alleviation programs in OC is to participate and attend construction event. The event raises awareness about malnutrition and hunger among children. Other than joining such events a person can host individual canned food programs and drives, volunteer or donate to OC food bank. I think creating public awareness and education on ways to reducing hunger among vulnerable communities is crucial for reducing food insecurity. We should not wait for people to have malnutrition or even die from hunger. Programs should be developed to educate the community on methods to reduce hunger. For people facing hunger, the food security programs can offer food to these people. As such, any person who donates to food security programs such the OC food bank would have participated and involved in reducing food insecurity. People should advocate for local, state, and federal authorities to improve access to food and other associated health services among vulnerable communities. Through political involvements and commitment, leaders can set pledges, policies, and mobilize resources to reduce hunger. Coker, M. (2014, September 16). Orange County CAN Turn Around Its Shameful Childhood Hunger Statistics. OC weekly. Retrieved at:

Write an essay that discusses what James Tate,Robert Bly, Billy

Write an that discusses what James Tate,Robert Bly, Billy Collins,and Mattew Dickman think a good poem is.what does a good poem do how can we evaluate a poem properly - Essay Example Writing a poem that has much significance requires time. Writing a poem is not simple because in order for one to write a poem, they should know how to twist their words, use jargons and know how to express their own feelings into the poem. Individuals have in the past praised poems for the power they possess and signify, while others have not been in support of them simply because they cannot understand the concept behind them (Ross, 303). Certain scholars described what a good poem is supposed to be, what it was supposed to signify and how good poems are evaluated. The scholars; James Tate, Robert Bly, Collins, Matthew Dickman described a good poem as a piece of literature that individuals are able to relate with. A good poem incorporates the aspect of culture, which is noteworthy since culture is what every single being follows. A poem that significantly speaks about the cultures of people is simply a good poem since readers can relate it to the life they live. A good poem relates to the reader in a sentimental way. There is sentimental value between the reader and the poem. From the metaphors used to the complex language structure, a good poem is designed to show insight or certain revelation. It is supposed to show significance to the reader; from the way the words rhyme to the way they are twisted. A good poem does not necessarily reflect the writers’ own personal experience. It can just be a fantasy, yet it makes sense and in a way relates to the reader (Ross, 307). Most writers write poems because they have a passion and derive a certain level of satisfaction from their work. They write to let their feelings known, to be recognized as people who relate with words. A good poem is a piece of literary writing that rejuvenates the reader. The primary goal of a good poem is to focus all the attention of the reader into the poem. It should not be channeled towards

VIII Hazadous Chemical Chemistry multiple choice and two essay

VIII Hazadous Chemical Chemistry multiple choice and two questions - Essay Example By applying the inverse square law here, with an initial reading of 6300R at a distance of 1 foot, then at 3 foot after applying the inverse square law of radiation i.e. I=Io/r2, the Geiger Counter would show a reading of 700R. A unique characteristic of radioactive elements is that they continue to emit radioactive rays which causes them to decay. Time after which the number of atoms of a radioactive substance are reduced to half is known as Half-Life. The half-life of plutonium is around 87.7 years. So if Dr. Brown has 1.2 x 106 atoms of plutonium in 1985, we can calculate the number of atoms of plutonium after 352 years to be 74292.Plutonium-238 is a radioisotope which has an atomic number of 94. Now we know that the atomic number of an element identifies its protons and electron so the number of protons in Plutonium-239 is 94. Atomic weight of plutonium-238 is 238 and atomic weight is a sum of protons and neutron. So to find the number of neutrons we would have to subtract number of protons i.e. 94 from the atomic weight i.e. 238 and we would get 144 which is the number of neutrons in plutonium 238. Ans. Different levels of exposure to radiation have different effects on the human body for example, radiation levels of 10-50 cause nausea, vomiting and alters blood chemistry whereas levels higher than this such as 55-75 lead to nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue and weakness. When the level of radiation is increased at 90-100 the effects become a little dangerous such as hemorrhage. On further increase in the level of radiation such as 100-400, a person may even die with complications of severe hemorrhage. 1000 level of radiation would prove fatal with internal bleeding, rupture of the internal lining of the GIT, and would eventually cause death. CNS breakdown with destruction of neurons is observed on an exposure to the level of 2000 or more (epa.org). The incidents of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island in the years 1986 and 1979 provide us

Political Belonging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Political Belonging - Essay Example Through his work based on the sphere of Justice, Michael Wlazer provides that the essence of a given idea regarding social justice is to define spheres of distribution of a particular social good This creates a sense of distribution of certain sphere where its respective criteria of distribution does not influence the distribution of others from different spheres (Walzer, 1983, pp 20). This is a pull factor for migration of people. Subsequently, no existence of social goods will prevail as a monopolistic aspect that could otherwise trigger unnecessary social dominance. Migration trends and types is central to the organization of the social-political situation of different countries for instance, the European states have been projecting on a managed migrants policies where they allow migrants to enter their territories and settle given that they fulfill certain conditions and ways of belongings. The international rights of migrants regime has been presented as a discourse as opposed t o effective practical engagement. This results into a situation of cross-cutting violations of human rights. Indeed, human rights asserted on behalf of humanity ought to be guaranteed by the responsible authoritative political unit (Walzer, 1983, pp 62). This implies that the political body should identify with the strangers through acquittal with their rights and privileges. The advances that have been made with regard to human rights must be comprehended via a historical perspective relative to specific incidences in history.

Financial Statement Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Research Paper Example 2.1.1 Which three (3) assets are most significant to the company? Using the notes to the financial statements, discuss the accounting methods used to value assets. What method(s) do the companies use to value inventory? What depreciation method(s) do the companies use to value property, plant and equipment? How are accounts receivable valued? The most significant assets of Home in 2010 included merchandise inventory, Property and equipment and other current assets constituting about 26%, 62% and 3% of the total assets respectively. Compared to 2009, the most significant were merchandise inventory, Property and equipment and other current assets constituting about 25%, 63% and 3% of the total assets respectively. The companies appear to have inventories and property as top two most significant assets for both years and this should describe the nature of the industry that they are in. The three most significant assets of Lowe for 2010 would include merchandise inventory, Property and long-term investment constituting about 24.7%, 65.5 and 3% of the total assets respectively. Compared to 2009, the most significant were merchandise inventory, Property and cash and cash equivalents constituting about 25%, 68.2 and 1.9% of the total assets respectively. For Home depot on the other hand, Bother company value their inventory using lower of cost or market under first in first out (FIFO) basis. Both companies used the straight-line depreciation method Receivables are valued by both companies using fair value. The three of the most significant liabilities to HD include the following: Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Long-term Debt. For HD There have been no significant change to liabilities from 2009 to 2010 except on deferred tax which decreased by 15%. The three of the most significant liabilities to LOW include the following:

Personal Application Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Application Paper - Essay Example I felt that the ineffective communication in the company was one of the causes of the strike. During the strike employees formed groups where they were being updated by their representative on the decision made by the top management team regarding their grievances. In addition, officials from the workers union attended the meeting where they promised the employees on their roles to ensure that their grievances are addressed. Lack of availability of the top managers in the meeting indicated lack of commitment to amicably solve the problems facing the employees. In the day to day running of a company, it is prudent for managers to effectively manage their human force in order to avoid labor turn over and regular strikes. One of the major theories that employers should use in order to motivate their employees is theory X-Y. This theory that was developed by Douglas McGregor constitutes rules that managers must adopt to manage the workers (Ulrich 23). The adoption of theory X that depicts use authority in management, was one of the major causes of the employee’s strike in our company. This resulted to employees avoiding responsibility. In order to avoid future strikes it is essential to emulate theory Y. The adoption of theory Y will make the employees to be focused at attaining the objectives of the company and their own goals. This results to employee’s motivation and increased productivity. As a department manager, I have a duty to motivate other employees in order to improve their productivity. Due to the losses and the reduced sales that our company made during the strike, I will emulate three strategies to avoid strikes in future. First, I will engage other workers in making of decision that is related to their rate of commissions. Secondly, I will hold regular meetings with workers where they will be allowed to air all their grievances and ideas. Thirdly, I will ensure equal treatment of employees regardless of their cultural background or race. Proper

Digital rights management (only the written part) Essay

Digital rights management (only the written part) - Essay Example This is all great for sharing various works and ideas, publishing content cheaply, etc. but there is a problem here as well, and that is what were going to discuss - the issue of Digital Rights Management or DRM for short, with a focus on music files. One of the consequences of files spreading so easily is that â€Å"intellectual property owners lose control of distribution† (Kumik, 2003) and usually don’t get paid regardless of the time, cost, and effort that may have gone into producing it. The music industry has been particularly affected (Peitz et al, 2005). This puts off many from publishing on the Internet, but as a distribution channel, nothing else can compete, so it is attractive as well. Among end users also, there is an issue of privacy (Feigenbaum et al, 2002). Firstly, let me explain precisely what is DRM. According to Subrmanya (Subramanya, 2006), DRM broadly refers to â€Å"a set of policies, techniques and tools that guide the proper use of digital content†. It is clearly â€Å"rooted in and driven by business interests and legal concerns† as pointed out by William Rosenblatt and others in their book ‘Digital Rights Management: Business and Technology’ (Rosenblatt et al, 20 01). Technology enabled the digital revolution to take place, but many content owners are therefore now eager â€Å"for more intelligent, efficient, and effective management of their content† (Hilts, 2003) as well. If we break down the whole process of content flow from ‘packaging’, through transmission, tracking, and delivery, and of course, redelivery, protection measures can be applied at each stage. Already, we have digital watermarking, the protocols for content syndication, rights expression languages, etc. (Becker et al, 2003) But it is not straightforward because in the fast changing world we live in, implementation is still an obstacle as is the legal side, business models change, and

High School Diferences Essay Example for Free

High School Diferences Essay There are four different grades in high school; freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. From when you are a freshman you always want to meet new friends, and get good grades. No matter what your grade is, you are still a student. So in a way, all the students are the same, but they do have tons of differences. Freshmen, first of all are still learning where L-Hall is, but they are trying to make new friends too. Freshmen are not bad people, they don’t hurt anyone, and that’s one of the good sides. The main problem about them is that they are stuck too much in middle school. Their body is in high school, but their brain was left over at Mountain View. To be honest, some freshman are great, they are nice, and respectful. The other three-fourths are immature and laugh at any â€Å"Your mom† joke still. Seniors are the â€Å"All Powerful†. Everyone (besides teachers) look up to them. Freshman try and talk to them, and juniors try to act like them. I believe that seniors are the role models of the school, and are treated much better than other underclassmen. Seniors are usually skipping class, and procrastinating. The other seniors are trying to keep their grades up while frantically looking for Financial Aid and planning on what they will do next. Seniors are much better than freshmen, and everyone knows it. Seniors are the laid-back, I-don’t-want-to-be-at-school kind of people. They usually show up late to class while the freshmen get there ten minutes early. Seniors are usually driving over to Taco Bell for lunch, while freshmen stare at the nasty school food waiting for it to move. Yes, they do have all these differences, but seniors were once freshmen. In conclusion, seniors are much more mature, but lazy people. While the freshmen are trying to fit in, and find L-Hall, They all have their differences, but they are all students. They are all just kids, going to school day to day, thinking about their future.

Media and Mass Communications Development on a Healthy Mature Culture Essay Example for Free

Media and Mass Communications Development on a Healthy Mature Culture Essay This argumentative essay is specially made to discuss the possibility for media and mass communication to nurture the development of a healthy, mature culture. Overall, the process of media and mass communication media development has already caused changes in the public sphere. The digitalization of media dramatically increases the chances of the people to get an access to the information, which is transferred instantly and often has not been edited by the people in government or media bosses. Thus, the information is now very complicated to control and therefore public has more opportunities to form its own opinion by comparing the facts from the different sources. The major problem, which could be seen right away, is the relation between the today’s process of media development and the actual development of a healthy culture. An assumption could be suggested that media and mass communication are able to influence the development of a healthy and mature culture, but it will require some significant changes form both media owners and their employees, as well as from society itself. Let’s de-construct the elements of the question and consider them in details in order to provide the better analysis. Strinati (2004) claims that the coming of the mass media and the increasing commercialization of culture and leisure resulted in the rise of issues, interests and debates which are still with us today. The researchers talk about culture, but what exactly is a culture? The word origin of culture or, the Latin root of the term is â€Å"colere,† meaning anything from cultivating to inhabiting, protecting, or worshipping. Modern definition of culture is the following: it is a growing sum of â€Å"knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations. † (Muller, 2005) Cultures differ depending on the mentioned elements of culture. As the examples of different cultures, the culture of Eastern and Western countries could be named. Mature† means the situation or the final condition when the full desired growth or development has been reached. â€Å"Healthy† means the robust and well condition; it is also an efficient and sound being. â€Å"Development† is a positive change; it is also a process of growth and an evolution. The word â€Å"nurture† means the act of helping to grow or develop; it is also an act of cultivation of some characteristics. â€Å"Media† are the means of communication that reach large numbers of people, for example, television, newspapers, radio and internet. In agreement to Morley (2000) the current global culture is the culture of hyper mobility where â€Å"we often engaged in border-crossings of one kind or another, but the nature and functions of borders themselves are shifting†. (Morley,2000) We live in the information economy era, in the era of new progressive technologies and communications that break the borders, in the times of social and economic evolution, the public sphere experiences new challenges and face new opportunities in this world full of complexity. Without a doubt the influence of modern mass communication over the culture is considerable. The shifts in the social and other aspects that are influenced by the spread of technologies and new media are powerful and they change our lifestyle, our habits and hobbies: they change the way we are living. Power and Scott (2004), argue the significance of mass media technology for economic and social life may be shown by considering certain developments of the 21st century. The situation in the 21st century in terms of the cultural development and its influence on people is much more complex than ever before. The introduction of internet has a significant influence over business and education because it provides greater learning opportunities than ever before. It is clear that the benefits of new technologies and mass communication for the education are enormous. Many experts claim that media influence the way we live in both positive and negative ways. An individual that aims to gain a significant social success almost can’t achieve it without at least slight use of the information gained through mass communication. Therefore these options can’t be ignored because they affect the majority of spheres of life and bring certain experience of social change. The development of mass media presents some outstanding social opportunities. But at the same time, the successful rise of mass media has also brought up concerns about the negative consequences of its spreading. There no doubt that mass communications and media have the tremendous influence over society and its culture. Bloomfield, Coombs Knights, 2000) These changes lead to â€Å"new era economics† also known as a knowledge economy, non-linear effects, an unpredictable future, a redefinition of terms, time/distance changes, and much greater transparency. (Bloomfield, Coombs Knights, 2000) Without a doubt, media sector experience dramatic transformations both in terms of the access to the information, the speed of the information spreading throughout the world and the increasing inability to control the information by the media o wners or the government institutions. The processes of total digitalization and media convergence have started in 2000s and the majority of mass media indicate the possibility of turning the print media into fully digital forms by 2020 or 2025. Digital media has potentially revolutionary impact on the lifestyle of society. There is also an idea that media development and digital revolution are the ways â€Å"into an unknown and fundamentally changed future. † (Feldman, 1997) New media and new way of communications not only influence the culture of society, but they also change the way and manners of the socialization of its members. The major advantage of electronic communication and information technologies is the capability to transfer the information faster, at a lower cost, and to more people while also offering increased data communality, and processing. Another important aspect in which the media and mass communication can influence and nurture the development of a new healthy culture is the improved opportunity of learning by obtaining necessary information much faster and easier than ever before. Information acquisition is the process by which information is obtained from the environment and added to the collective stock of knowledge of a person or society in general. Fast information distribution provided by the modern mass communication allows sharing information sources among members of society freely, without the governmental control. The new mass communication also store information, and it plays a critical role in the development of culture, since socially accepted past experiences need to be accumulated for future use.

Case Study Chinese Automobile Industry

Case Study Chinese Automobile Industry A Car can be a vehicle which could be used for passengers or for transporting goods from one place to another like a truck or pick-up. A car which carries passengers normally has four wheels and is run through engines. The past of chinas automobiles could be related back to improvements which could be easily measured technical development in Europe. Recently, the automobile is the most important way of personal transportation for millions of people around the world, particularly in countries where people rely on their cars for passenger transportation from one place to another and trucks to travel to and from work, to transport goods, and sometimes only to travel. The increased number of automobiles that are produced and sold has made the automobile industry a global giant. Automobiles are sold all over the world. In many years it has being Germany, Japan and the United States that has dominated the global market share, but this has changed. There is a progressive and sustained increase in customers purchase of inexpensive automobiles globally. In the last past years, there has been global economic crisis and therefore people are getting more aware in purchase of automobiles. People are looking out for more features with lower affordable price. These factors have paved way for automotive industries of many developing countries to compete on different factors ranging from price to technology. Chinese market is known and famous all over the world for less price of its products. Chinas automobile industry has rapidly grown in recent years; the most important reason for the growth is cheap availability of labour. The labour in this industry receives salaries roughly $240 a month. It can also be calculated or said in another way as $1.50 an hour, related to $30 for working an hour in Germany and also related to $5 for working an hour in Poland. There are strong direction pressures for laborers to stay in line. Its research and development costs are minimal because designs are borrowed or copied from foreign firms. This implies that in China there are no independent workers who work on their own without any supervision which is an excellent attribute related to chinas automobile industry The history of the Chinese automobile industry is quiet interesting. The first truck in China was made by Zhang Xueliang in 1931 called Ming sheng. Yang hucheng, general from China, patronized Chinese inventor Tang Zhonming to manufacture an automobile which is coal fuelled. The first milestone in the Chinese automobile industry took place with the First Automobile Works, which was the first modern automobile factory in China. China produced its first 2 Â ½ ton truck (NJ130), which was based on Russian GAZ-51 in Nanjing. The truck was named Yuejin (meaning leap forward) by Chinas first Ministry of Industrial Machinery. In the late 1950s and 60s several automobile factories were set-up in different places in China like Nanjing automobile (Group) Corporation in Nanjing, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation in Shanghai,China National Heavy Duty Truck Group in Jinan, and Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation in Beijing. Later Second Automobile Works or Dongfeng Motor Corpo ration was founded. In the 1980s, overseas automotive industries started collaborating and tried to establish strong relationships with Chinese partners itself. The objective of the management was to expand a car industry as soon as possible and make it a profitable. Volkswagen and General Motors were the debut teams to start with the automotive industry. The main important thing is that there were barriers to entry in such kind of industry. In 1983, American Motors Corporation (AMC, later acquired by Chrysler Corporation) signed a 20-year contract to produce their Jeep-model vehicles in Beijing. The following year, Germanys Volkswagen signed a 25-year contract to make passenger cars in Shanghai, and Frances Peugeot agreed to another passenger car project to make vehicles in the prosperous southern city of Guangzhou. As a result there were three big joint ventures and three small joint ventures: 1) Beijing Automotive Industry had a joint venture with Hyundai Motor and Daimler Chrysler producing Jeep Cherokee 2) Ghauagzou Automobile Industry Group had partnership with Peugeot for producing Peugeot 504 range of cars. However in 1990s it was replaced by Honda for producing Accord and Fit with huge success. And then after 36 years, it began to produce cars which were a huge success specially the SE model of Toyota Camry. Making Guangdong province is now the main unit of producing cars for brands like Toyota, Nissan e.t.c 3) Tianjin Automotive Industry made its partnership with Daihatsu for producing Daihatsu Charade range of cars. After 1990s several automobile enterprises entered Chinese Automobile Industry as it was profitable to produce vehicles in China as the cost of producing a vehicle in China was less. Some originated from old Chinese defense companies Changhe and Hafei while others from the aged state owned companies like BYD auto, Brilliance China Auto, Chery Automobile, and Changfeng Automobile. Some private Companies were also formed like Geely Automobile and Great Wall Motors. Conclusion The growth of such type of an industry varies mainly on the type of industry structure it is. Since China tries to ignore old traditions, they mostly prefer new modern technologies in making cars which are the best overall which also includes quality cars, china tries to follow or copy other countries, knowledge must either be imported or developed by the Chinese automotive companies. This knowledge can be gained with the help of mergers and acquisition and joint ventures. MARKET STRUCTURE The market structure of the Chinese automobile industry is of perfect competition. Nevertheless the Chinese government is controlling and regulates everything on the Chinese market and in China the amount of car manufactories is outstanding. Today there are more than eightieth Chinese car manufactories. The majority of these are smaller companies that are struggling and attempting to get recognized in the global market. For that reason it results in a very high competitive market. Up to now the majority of these companies are quite unknown overseas, therefore the Shanghai Automotive Industries Corporation also known as SAIC and the Nanjing Automobile decided to build normal and typical design, so the production process and the sales management of these companies will for this reason obtain an increase of the export rate of Chinese cars. The major governmental department is the National Development and Reform Commission. But there are more than a few governmental departments that regulates the Chinese automobile industry. These minor governmental departments have their rights but they are limited. The automobile industry development policies in China are managed and organized by The National Developments and Reform Commission, also called NDRC. The make and emends these policies, but only carry out a small number of changes every year. The Sino-foreign joint ventures were established, so that the car manufactories have to request and get authorization by NDRC. They do not only have responsibility of administration the new energy car manufactures, but also of the recalls of the cars products with detectives. Administration of the sales of the vehicle brands and license of import of automotive products are managed and organized by The Ministry of Commerce also known as MOFCOM. The registrations of vehicle management enterprises are complete by the State Administration for Industry Commerce also known as SAIC. This is not only their occupation, they also have to verify and approve the business possibility of vehicles sales enterprises. And the also have to administrated the vehicles brand sales. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, also called AQSIQ. They are the ones who will check the recalled defective vehicles, so they can gain knowledge of what went wrong, and with this improve the products. MITT which stands for Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also has a responsibility. What they do is to administrate the automotive fuel consumption. Clearly, Chinas car industry is open to foreign investment. However, the Chinese government restricts foreign investment on entire car manufacturing in a way, in order to protect domestic car brands. These restrictions can be circumvented, and it appears that component manufacturing remains relatively unregulated to a large extent. There are more than a few leading business in the Chinese vehicles industry. The first is BYD, which stands for Build your dreams. It was formed in 2003 by purchasing Tsinchuan Automobile Company Limited. Step by step they started to create their own vehicle brand. Today they have five main industrial bases placed in China. This Chinese automobile brand is the most innovative manufacture. Their growth rate for the last 5 years has been 100 percent and the amounts of vehicles sold in 2009 are 448000. Second is the Chana Automobile Company Ltd. They are known as Changan, and are very recognized on the Chinese market. Their headquarter are located in Chongqing. Changans goal is to achieve fuel efficiency and by this also protecting the environment. The majority of the cars that are manufactured are smaller cars, but also manufacture sedans and commercial cars. So they have a wide range of automobiles to offer to their customers. Their goal is to become a world class group in a very short time. The third is Beijing Automobile Works, also known as BAW. Their work is located in one of Chinese pioneers automobile industry. The vehicles which they offer to their customers is, light off-road cars, and also trucks. They have been in the market for almost forty years and it is a known brand. Chaoyang is the district where their headquarters are located. There are also the main distributers of vehicles to the Chinese military. The forth is Dongfeng Motor Corporation, and they started in the year 1969. They are also known as Second Automobile Works Co., in the real market place, and this is actually one of the top 3 huge automakers in this type of industry. The main focus of this was transferred for production of items like traveler vehicle, profitable vehicle, components, and equipment, which was a huge success. During the 40 years of its growth, a set of RD and developed services have been well-known as well as an extensive this also includes facilities like distribution and after-sales network. Its most important branches are situated in states like Shiyan, Xiangfan, Wuhan and Guangzhou. The firth is the First Automotive Grouo Corporation, also known as the FAW Group. This is a leading all over the globe, this also implies that they are there in the automobile industry since 50 years. It was basically started in 1953, FAW has managed to keep 133,000 workers all over the world and is successful in selling products all over. Its total turnover around the globe is more than 7 million vehicles worldwide, while doing this it doesnt lose its position also it maintains the lead market position within China, and now it also has plans of expanding into a market which is controlled internationally. 6) Chery Automobile Company Ltd. Chery automobile Company was formed as a state owned company on March 18, 1997 in Wuhu, Anhui province, China. It is one of the fastest growing companies in the Chinese automobile Industry. It is the first automobile company in China which exported its cars to other countries. Chery is aiming to become best automobile company in China but at the same time they are trying to use the European manufacturing equipment, stolen European factory designs and Japanese production techniques to make QQ minicars which are copied from Chevrolet spark , which are $1500 cheaper than the original Chevrolet spark. Both cars are so similar that their spare parts are interchangeable. 7) Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation also known as SAIC are the group which are mainly engaged in manufacturing, sales, research and development, and investment in passenger cars, commercial vehicles and components, as well as related services trade and financial business. Besides, SAIC holds seventy nine of the equity of SAIC Motor Co., Ltd. and 60.10% of HUAYU Automotive Systems Holdings Co. also known as HUAYU is an independent listed company engaged in auto components supply business. Therefore SAIC also has a part in Huayu Motors and is in the strong position when it comes to sale of auto parts as well as automobiles.Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation in 2008 once again topped the Chinese automotive groups for a sales volume of over 1.826 million units of vehicles, of which 1,118,000 units are passenger cars and 708,000 units commercial vehicles. The company is the first fortune 500 company from the Chinese Automobile Industry. 8) Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company Ltd. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. This is also known all over the world as JAC is an automobile manufacturer based in Hefei, Anhui Province; China. Anhui is best known to be the second Detroit of the world. It is the most important industrial base of China accounting for the 20% of the production of the Chinese vehicles. Anhui Jianghuai is a state owned company producing automobiles, trucks and minibuses 9) Geely Automobile Geely automobile are one of the Established as an independent firm in 1986, Geely launched its auto manufacturing business in 1997 and is today a fully integrated independent auto firm with a complete auto eco-system from design and research and development to production, distribution and servicing. In 2005 Geely Automobile Holdings Limited was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and has the responsibility in 2009, Geely Holding Group announced that it was close to an agreement to acquire Volvo Cars from Ford Motor Company. Geely automobiles are the new owners of Volvo range of cars which they purchased from Ford in 2010 10) Brilliance China Automotive Holding Ltd. Brilliance China Automotive Holdings Limited also known as BCA is a publicly owned Chinese investment holding company which manufactures variety of automobiles, automotive components and minibuses. Based in Liaoning province brilliance China automotive is listed in Hong Kong and Frankfurt stock exchanges as of 2009, Brilliance China Automotive holding was the eighth-largest automaker in China in the year of 2009 Conclusion As per the statistics of the Chinese automobile Industry from January to September 2010, sales of the top ten automobile manufacturing companies are provided below in the chart SAIC-2,647,500 Dongfeng-1,901,300 FAW-1,845,800 Changan-1,716,200 Beijing Auto-1,101,800 Guangzhou Auto-532,500 Chery-475,300 BYD-386,200 Brilliance-375,800 JAC-350,900 As we can see clearly SAIC is largest producer of the vehicles in China with 2,647,500 as per the statistics of September. SAICs production is clearly remarkable in terms of production. Second is Dongfeng which has the production of 1,901,300 vehicles. Third is FAW which has the production of 1,845,800.Then is Changan in the fourth position with 1,716,200.Beijing Auto is in the fifth position with 1,101,800 vehicles. And then there is Chery, which increased its production to 475,300 vehicles this year.BYD, the most innovative company in the Chinese automobile industry has a production of 386,200.And in the last position is JAC with the production of mere 350,900. From January to September, these ten companies sold 11,333,300 vehicles, accounting for 86% of total car sales which is simply outstanding. ESTIMATED SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY IN UNITS/DOLLARS Chinas automobile Companies are looking forward to the promising future after years of development in the Chinese Automobile Industry. In the year of 1999 China had a production of approximately 1.56 million automobiles, which if compared to the production of GM (General Motors) was only one sixth of General Motors annual output and if compared to Toyota, is only one third of their yearly production . After the years of development of automobile Industry of China, Chinese Automobile Industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries of 21st century, it has an average annual growth 22.2% and is increasing from 1998 to 2006.In the year of 2006; China overtook Japan as the worlds second largest auto consumer after the United States of America with auto sales rising from 25.1% year-on-year to 7.2 million units. Meanwhile, China surpassed Germany to become the third largest auto maker after the U.S. and Japan, with automobile production climbing to 27.6% year-on-year to 7.3 mil lion units. In 2007, the production of the automobiles increased to 20% in China even with the rising price of raw materials indicating that there is robust growth in the worlds second largest auto market. In 2007, the automobile production of China amounted to astonishing 8.88 million with an increase of nearly 22.02% when compared to 2006 production report. This figure closely approached the target of 9 million units set in the eleventh 5-year (2006-2010) plan which was set for the automobile industry by Chinas National Development Reform Commission (CNDRC) which is the nations top economic planner for the industrial development of the Chinese Economy. PRODUCTS Automobiles are depreciating and tangible, which require consistent servicing and repairing. Chinese Automobile Industrys is a huge industry with variety of products ranging from automobile to after sales products and services which are important for automobile to run smoothly. The Chinese automobile industry supplies auto parts, car related products such as tires, rear and front view mirrors e.tc. China also has a huge secondary market for used automobiles, spare parts and other used car related items. F-211 TRENDS IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND OVER RECENT YEARS When General Motors Vice chairman Bob Lutz was asked Will Chinese taste for vehicles drive demand in the future his answer was Yes, to a certain extent, because we do want to make sure that were successful in the worlds largest and fastest-growing automobile market and a market which will ultimately be as big as the European market and the U.S. market combined, Lutz says. We all have to get used to the fact that the future of the global automobile business I mean the center of gravity is no longer going to be Europe or the United States; its going to be China. And I think that to a certain extent China is helping drive our designs today. Lutz says the Buick Lacrosse is a good example of a vehicle that was jointly designed to meet the needs of consumer groups in both the U.S. and China. EXPORT AND GROWTH IN THE INDUSTRY AND ECONOMIC RISKS When the Geely automobile made its debut at the Detroit Auto show in 2006, they got quite a bit of attention with people saying that the Chinese have arrived, recalled Charles Cheung.Beijing has identified exports as a key part of its auto strategy. MACRO ECONOMIC FACTORS Among the worlds most powerful economies China ranks second with a GDP of U.S $ 4.4 trillion along with this it has the worlds largest population that helps the country to be most. As compared to developed economies, emerging economies in general present an optimistic outlook. Chinas macroeconomic fundamentals contain many favorable factors such as the increase of domestic demand incurred by economic restructuring, a strong growth trend of retails as well as the expansion of capital markets. A 10-percent growth rate cannot be explained as economic overheating given Chinese macroeconomic fundamentals, Goldman Sachs China economist Helen Qiao said. Goldman Sachs listed five factors backing Chinas sustainable development. First, domestic demand has become a major driving force. Secondly, internal and external demand tends to be stable. Thirdly, China has less reliance on exports to the United States, Europe and Asias developed regions, while the rest of the world relies more on Chinas exports. Fourthly, a tightening financial context has helped increase the credibility of Chinese policymakers control on the macroeconomic policies. Finally, Chinas 12th five-year plan has specified key role of domestic demand, and China will lay stress on both consumption and investment influential economies of world. National income / national income per capita China has emerged as bigger power and with economic soundness it is heading for achieving number one position in the world. Chinas Gross Domestic Product increased at an annualized rate of just 0.4 per cent, which is quite below the annualized 4.4 per cent growth in the first quarter of 2010 and counting to proof that global recovery is encountering tough headwinds. These figures stress China emerging as an economic authority that is changing everything from the global equilibrium of military and financial supremacy to how cars are designed. It is already the major exporter, auto buyer and steel producer, and its overall authority is getting higher. Interest rates Chinas expansion, running at more than three times the pace of growth in the US, may add fuel to arguments that the second-largest economy can withstand a stronger yuan. China raised interest rates recently for the first time since the global crisis, affirming policymakers confidence in the recovery and concern at price pressures. Although Chinas economy grew 9.6 per cent in the third quarter of 2010 its inflation grew at fastest pace in almost two years, adding weight to necessity for the engine of the global recovery to let its currency appreciate more rapidly. Consumer prices jumped 3.6 per cent in September from a year earlier, so China has to be careful about inflation as it would negatively affect huge segment of population. When China awakes, Napoleon said to have warned, The world will tremble. China was devastated by floods, famines, rebellions, civil strife and finally communist dictatorship. Its all more of a shock, then, that the sleeping dragon has now awoken with a vengeance. They have productive human capital therefore China has overtaken Japan as the worlds second largest economy. Chinas economy is huge and progressing rapidly in the last 30 years. It has grown averagely 8% p.a. in terms of GDP. Its economy has progressed more than 10 times during this period. China and India were the only two countries that were hit the minimum and came up quickly from the recent global meltdown. Hence it proves that Chinese industries are not very sensitive to economic fluctuation. The economists believe that substantial appreciation in the Yuan would result in huge unemployment and start social disorder. However there are still inequalities in the income of Chinese people and this income gap has increased in recent times. The inflation is soaring and unemployment rate is also rising marginally. CONCLUSION China is one of the largest Economies of the world. The automobile industry of china is growing at an astonishing rate and it has been proven in the last decade. Even in the time of the recession in the mid 2008 Chinas automobile Industry was in the strong position while in case of United States automobile Industry, it had collapsed with main companies like GM (General Motors) asking for bailout. As per the statistical data of 2009, the total passenger cars produced by China are 10,383,831 and the commercial vehicles accounts for another 3,407,163 which makes a total of 13,790,994 vehicles. In the year 2009.Chinese Automobile Industry has a growth rate of 48.3% which was 4.70% in 2008. And if we see US in 2008 they had a growth rate of -19.40 and in 2009 mere -34.3%.Comparing the growth rates we can see that USs production growth rate has sharply fallen and Chinas has increased. As a result China is replacing America to become the greatest economy in the world. China and America are two different countries with different perpectives, China likes to save and America likes to spend. But in last three years amount of sales in US have slowed down showing consumer inconfidence in the economy of America and it is opposite in China.

Grammar Basics :: essays papers

Grammar Basics 1) Subject - The subject is the noun or the pronoun that performs the action of the verb in a sentence. In literary usage, the subject is the the idea about which something is being said. Predicate- The predicate of a sentence is the verb 2) Sentence - A sentence is a grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb. ex. Joey ran to catch the elevator. 3) Phrase - A phrase is two or more words in sequence that form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence. A collection of grammatically-related words without a subject or without a predicate is considered a phrase. 4) Introductory Phrase - a phrased used in the beginning of a sentence of paragraph ex. "Friends, Romans, countrymen....lend me your ears!" 5) Conjunction - A conjunction is the part of speech that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences...such as and, but, and because. 6) Clause - A clause is a collection of grammatically-related words including a predicate and a subject (though sometimes is the subject is implied). ex. I like to eat bagels Introductory Clause - An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence. ex. Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. Dependant Clause - A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. ex. When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . 7) Antecedent - The word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to. ex. The teacher asked the children where they were going. Relative Pronoun - A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and has reference to an antecedent ex. The child who is wearing the hat. 8) Introductory Conjunction - 9) I went to the movies with Joey, Andrew, Amy, and Michelle Julie, Sara, and I went to the grocery store last night.

Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay -- Advent

Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Widow Douglas, she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldn't stand it no longer, I lit out." The aforementioned quotation best describes Huck's philosophy when faced with ties that bind. When he is unable to take the restrictions of life any longer, whether they be emotional or physical, he simply releases himself and goes back to what he feels is right and what makes him happy. Hence, one of the most prominent and important themes of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is freedom. Freedom not only from Huck's internal paradoxical struggle in defining right and wrong, but also freedom from Huck's personal relationships with the Widow Douglas and his father, as well as freedom from the societal institutions of government, religion, and prejudices. Throughout the story Huck is plagued with an internal moral dilemma of what he feels is right and what he is taught is right. Huck is possibly the only character in the story that operates solely on his own moral convictions. This produces significant conflict when the accepted rules of society, often corrupt in nature, are imposed upon him. The best example of this internal conflict is Huck's brief experiences with organized religion. The teachings by the Widow Douglas of the pathways to heaven are in constant conflict with Huck's own beliefs. Because of this, Huck readily rejects the teachings of organized religion, and therefore must often grapple with the undue guilt that this hypocritical heresy places on him. Such is the cas... ...eedom is essential to happiness. Twain ends the novel with a frustrated Huck stating; "Aunt Sally she's going to adopt me and sivilize me and I can't stand it. I been there before." Although the novel ends leaving the reader a sense that Huck is truly free, this concluding phrase subtlety, yet clearly, implies that the struggle for freedom is a never-ending one. Works Cited and Consulted Harris, Susan K. "Huck Finn." Huck Finn. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 1990.   Trachtenberg, Alan. "The Form of Freedom in Huckleberry Finn." Huck Finn. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishing. 1990. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Whitley, John S. "Kid's Stuff: Mark Twain's Boys." Huck Finn. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishing. 1990.

Character of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarle

The Character of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   In Hawthorne's classic, The Scarlet Letter, the pathetic, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is fully aware of the means by which he must liberate his soul from his grave sin. Yet, throughout the story his confession remains an impediment, constraining him, from then onwards, to a life of atonement. Reverend Dimmesdale attempts to divest himself of his guilt by revealing it to his parishioners during services, but somehow never manages to accomplish the task. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is clearly both a coward and a hypocrite    For the most part, Dimmesdale's story is one of a lonely man who has given into temptation and desire. His carnal craving is looked upon with ignominy. The matter is further convoluted by Hester's marriage, and his unwillingness to mar his reputation among the villagers as the faithful and innocent priest. He is now stranded at a crossroad, not knowing whether to confess or carry on a life of self-punishment. The sin begins to gnaw away at his sanity. As a form of penance he partakes in late night vigils, starvation, and self-mutilation. His acts of penance were severe and drained him of much of his life force. Finally becoming fed up with his prolonged misery, he walked unsteadily to the podium to expose his secret, but his confession was ambiguous and inconclusive, and people thought he was speaking about the sins of humanity.    Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale has many opportunities to confess.    One of the very first moments available to Dimmesdale to confess was on the scaffolding in the beginning when Hester was publicly humiliated in front of the townspeople. Dimmesdale was preaching to her for hou... ...can be rectified. Some sins are everlasting, and there are no shortcuts to salvation. Sometimes the weight of the sins must penetrate one's soul for eternity.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Baym, Nina. Introduction. The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York City: Penguin Books USA, Inc. 1986.    Clendenning, John. "Nathaniel Hawthorne." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.    Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. "The Scarlet Letter." The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. Ed. Charles Wells Moulton. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publishing, 1959. 341-371.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1986.    Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Critical Temper. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.    Character of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarle The Character of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   In Hawthorne's classic, The Scarlet Letter, the pathetic, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is fully aware of the means by which he must liberate his soul from his grave sin. Yet, throughout the story his confession remains an impediment, constraining him, from then onwards, to a life of atonement. Reverend Dimmesdale attempts to divest himself of his guilt by revealing it to his parishioners during services, but somehow never manages to accomplish the task. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is clearly both a coward and a hypocrite    For the most part, Dimmesdale's story is one of a lonely man who has given into temptation and desire. His carnal craving is looked upon with ignominy. The matter is further convoluted by Hester's marriage, and his unwillingness to mar his reputation among the villagers as the faithful and innocent priest. He is now stranded at a crossroad, not knowing whether to confess or carry on a life of self-punishment. The sin begins to gnaw away at his sanity. As a form of penance he partakes in late night vigils, starvation, and self-mutilation. His acts of penance were severe and drained him of much of his life force. Finally becoming fed up with his prolonged misery, he walked unsteadily to the podium to expose his secret, but his confession was ambiguous and inconclusive, and people thought he was speaking about the sins of humanity.    Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale has many opportunities to confess.    One of the very first moments available to Dimmesdale to confess was on the scaffolding in the beginning when Hester was publicly humiliated in front of the townspeople. Dimmesdale was preaching to her for hou... ...can be rectified. Some sins are everlasting, and there are no shortcuts to salvation. Sometimes the weight of the sins must penetrate one's soul for eternity.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Baym, Nina. Introduction. The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York City: Penguin Books USA, Inc. 1986.    Clendenning, John. "Nathaniel Hawthorne." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.    Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. "The Scarlet Letter." The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. Ed. Charles Wells Moulton. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publishing, 1959. 341-371.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1986.    Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Critical Temper. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.   

Goals Paper Essay

My second long-term goal is an academic goal. My academic goal is to graduate from the University of Central Florida with a bachelor’s degree in Early Childhood Education. This academic goal of mine is very important to me because I want to be a teacher. I have always wanted to become a teacher since I was a young girl but I foolishly did not pursue my dream. I am now at a point in my life where I recognize that tomorrow is not promised. Therefore, I have decided to pursue my dream of becoming a teacher and will not allow myself to steer off that path. My third long-term goal is career orientated. This long-term career goal is to simply become an effective elementary teacher. By becoming an effective elementary teacher, I will be able to make a positive difference in the lives of my students. I know firsthand the importance of an effective teacher because I experienced what one was like. That person was my fifth grade teacher and she made such a positive difference in my life at that time. I want to be able to do the same and so that is why becoming an effective elementary teacher is my long-term career goal. Now that I have identified my three long-term goals I will now discuss how I will accomplish these goals. In order for me to achieve my personal long-term goal of becoming a homeowner, I have set a short-term and an intermediate goal. My short-term goal which will help lead me to becoming a homeowner is finding a job, because I am currently unemployed. The only income I have at this time is from my husband’s full-time job. His income alone cannot qualify us for a mortgage loan. Therefore, I intend to consistently look for employment on a weekly basis. Although this short-term goal may seem to be an easy one, it is not. The reason it is not is due to the fact that there are a lot of people currently unemployed whom are looking for work themselves. This has a negative effect on me because it makes my chances of finding a job much harder. However, I am determined to find a job no matter how many applications it may take. I will make sure that I attach a resume and will make follow-up calls to each of the employers that I have submitted an employment application to. I will also keep a positive attitude on my pursuit for employment so that nothing sabotages my short-term goal. With that said, having a job is not the only thing that is necessary for me to achieve my long-term personal goal. I will also need to have some money saved to put down towards the purchase price of a home. Therefore, I have set an intermediate goal to have saved at least two percent of $195,000 dollars within the next two and a half years by putting $130 dollars per month into a savings account. I am confident that I can achieve my personal long-term goal as long as I adhere to the short-term and intermediate goals that I have indicated above. As for my long-term academic goal to achieve a bachelor’s degree in Early Childhood Education, I have set a short-term and an intermediate goal that will assist me in obtaining it. My short-term goal consists of two parts. The first part is to take a minimum of four courses, per semester, that are required for the type of degree I am seeking. The second part is to maintain a grade point average of 3. 0 or higher. In order for me to meet these short-term goals I will make sure that I follow the education catalog which outlines all the courses I need to complete and I will make sure that I consistently keep up with all assignments. I will also keep myself organized and maintain a positive attitude in every course that I take. My intermediate goal is to earn my associates degree at Valencia by the year 2012. I know that I can accomplish this intermediate goal as long as I adhere to my short-term goal stated above. Now this may sound like an easy thing to do but in reality there are always challenges that can arise and put a damper on things. One of the challenges that I face in meeting my short-term goal is procrastination. I tend to procrastinate when it comes to studying and completing assignments that I find to be challenging. This course has already taught me the importance to stop procrastinating and to study. I plan to utilize the information from our course to stop the cycle of procrastination and to study in an effective manner. I also intend to consistently reaffirm my long-term academic goal so that it will motivate me to keep in line with my short-term and intermediate goals. Lastly for my long-term career goal, which is to be an effective elementary teacher, I have set a short-term and an intermediate goal. My short-term goal is to get hired as an elementary teacher shortly after obtaining my bachelor’s degree in Early Childhood Education. In order for that to happen, I will submit employment applications at several elementary schools for a teacher position. I will also make sure that I provide a resume along with my portfolio to all of the schools that I have submitted an employment application to. My intermediate goal that I have set which will assist me in becoming an effective elementary teacher consists of developing professionally on a personal level and on a career level. Once I am employed as an elementary teacher, I plan to attend workshops that will improve my skills as a teacher so that I can apply such skills in the classroom. In time I know that I can be an effective elementary teacher because I have a passion to teach and love being around children. In summary, I have a long-term personal goal to own a home, a long-term academic goal to earn a bachelor’s degree, and a long-term career goal to become an effective elementary teacher. All three of my long-term goals are very important to me and in essence builds and/or relies on the other. In order for me to accomplish my three long-term goals, I have set S-M-A-R-T short-term and intermediate goals for each. I also believe that I will be able to achieve all three long-term goals because of Valencia. One of the reasons why Valencia will assist me in reaching my goals is simply due to the fact that this community college is very affordable. Also, this community college has many wonderful professors that are dedicated in guiding students successfully on their career paths. Valencia Community College also has many resources available to me that will assist me in obtaining my associate’s degree and will prepare me with the skills needed to be a successful student at UCF.

Principles of Economics Essay

Italy is one of industrial countries in the world in European. According to telephone ex salmagundi Intelligence Agency (CIA) (28 May 2009), Italy has both sections of deliverance one is developed industrial north and less-developed with juicy unemployment in south. In 2008, the unemployment come out in Italy was estimated with 6. 8%, particular(prenominal)ly in agriculture. In the current mo webary crisis, m either companies get stuck in fiscal difficulties so that they could non provide cogitation and pay enough salary for employees. It leads to employees run and thrashers turn over unemployment.In rough another(prenominal) compositors cases, bulk lose their ancestrys by their skills be not enough with live indispensability and by to a greater extent unpredictable reasons, to wit indwelling calamity, temblor, tsunami. Unemployment is one of the most pop problems in many countries all everyplace the world. spirited unemployment rate opens bad influences on not altogether field economy solely too living check off of citizens. People argon testamenting to sketch but they can not regain any job. They would have to reduce their demands so that productivity of firms as considerably as settles. Unemployment excessively affects to whatsoever other factors such as health, education, insurance, and so onIn many countries, the Government tries to avow unemployment rate effectively. Because of unemployment situation, the Government has to spend to a greater extent notes on investing and buying goods and operates made by firms to ontogeny productivity in a defraud time. This section called Government expenditure or Government spending. The to a greater extent the Government spends on firms, the better the lodge could be. Moreover, the Government as well as has to spend a huge descend of money on building schools, hospitals and change traffic system per year.Especially, the Government would be in charge when in that lo cation is any problem that influences polite living, such as scantiness, communicative diseases, infixed disasters and other societal welf ares for orphan children and old bulk. SUMMARY OF THE bind An quake in Italy. Death in the mountains The article is all about an earthquake happened in LAquila, Italy recently which ca utilize at least 250 cases death over 1,000 injured, a loss of 39 habitants of Onna single colony and 13,000 buildings damaged, (included the historic and artistic monuments).Besides, in that location is 17,000 populate became roofless and the number of those who are unable to return to their homes until having been inspected is perhaps as many as 70,000. These numbers show that Italy in general and its economy in particular is facing a tough trouble. How does Italy bed with this? Mr Silvio Berlusconi, the Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy firstly announced a dispatch of 14,500 tents for the homeless after touring to the area and those commo nwealth are being cared for by the organisation.He overly decided to decline offers of foreign aid despite the magnitude of the damage is intimidate and the common debt is exceeding the annual gross domestic product of Italy. Besides, he intended to tap European Union funds as well as spending some change for the construction project as a response to the economic crisis. UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment is simply cognise as mess who are at the pee-pee age but shortly jobless, those who are able and ordaining to work but cannot find a job or those who quit their job or being fired for some reasons. High unemployment makes bad affect not provided for the living condition of hatful but also for the field of study economy.There are two lineaments of unemployment Disequilibrium unemployment is which happens when the average real plight rate is higher than the point that equates the amass demand and the supply of labour. counterpoise unemployment is which happens when in that location are stack unable or unwilling to find jobs. Applying to Italy economy, concord to Italica news, the unemployment rate in Italy is quite high, 7. 1 pct in quarter 4 of 2008. And as think ofed to a higher place, the recently earthquake functions Italy a big trouble that it killed people, finished their homes, work places, and thus, people suddenly fabricate homeless, jobless.This not only affects to the living of people but also leads the economy of Italy into deep recession. Unemployment occurs. Italy case of unemployment is type of disequilibrium unemployment the earthquake destroyed the work places, people obviously lose jobs, in addition, when the buildings collapsed or are damaged, firms have to spend money on restore and repair things, thus there will be a faded back on production and on the number of labour (demand-deficient) and as a result, the number of unemployment goes high (supply is higher than demand), there is surplus of labour in Italy.Secondly, t his case can also be considered as frictional unemployment (a type of equilibrium unemployment) because people are not voluntarily leave behind their jobs but they are made wasted and losing their work places. In addition, using the peak hang up of income will help excuse better how the earthquake affects the economy of Italy. When people become unemployment, they will tend to trim down back their con totption (domestic consumption goods and service decreases), start saving, thus, the firms lower their productivity (national income decreases, net saving increase).The Government will decreases taxes (net taxes decrease), in contract, to rebuild things, the investment and political science expenditure will increase. The export expenditure and import expenditure will decrease because earthquake affects a lot on the tourism of Italy as it destroyed many quaint structures of Italy and make this place a mess. (Y) (C) (I) (G) (X) (S) (T) (M)short-term AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EARTHQ UAKES ON ITALYS ECONOMY 1. Short-term set up solicit Curve P Supply trim down shift P1 Equilibrium P2 New Equilibrium New demand curve essential curve Q2 Q1 Q Actually, because of strongly earthquake oddment, citizens lives are touch. They live essentially base on grants and money that draw from the bank. The demand will decrease and curve shift to the leftfield side so that make a new lower equilibrium.In this difficulty, the company cannot pr make upt the business because people seizet want to spend money. This change will make a worsened effect to economic that still got separate of problem. Circular Flow of Income Corruption (I) (G) (X) (Y) (C) (S) (T) (M) guide Payments Corruption Properly, the earthquake effected now and strongly to economy of Abruzzo region as well as GDP of Italy in 2009. Apply to the circular flow of incomeFirstly, people upset their houses and properties so that the consumption of goods and serve will decrease after that the national income also decreases because firms were collapsed by the earthquake destruction and the demand is lower. Firms would produce less bring the price to higher. Secondly, the saving will decrease at the accidental region because people do not have so much money and increase in another places because the price is higher, people oftentimes save money. Due to the falling of demand, banks and investors will keep money, spend less into the investment.Thirdly, government expenditure must to spend a huge amount for rebuilding the infrastructure, videlicet humans transportation, pipelines, and electri city. Moreover, the transit payment is fagged on unemployment, finding death and survivors to a lower place the ruins, relieving homeless people, providing drinks, food and medical treatments. later on the earthquake, the firms fell down many jobs lost LAquila is the old city with famous architecture, the tourism is heavily affected so the taxation will decrease.Moreover, the decomposition happe ned that make the circular flow of income become smaller and smaller and could be broken. To sum up, the circular of income is at a time affected by earthquakes as well as natural disasters. The solution for that problem still has many barriers Italy government and President Berlusconi must work totally hard. 2. Long-term effects. Earthquake directly affected certain macroeconomics variables include natural resources, physical capital, human capital and technology. Mostly, the banish impacts will be set on the short time, but positive influences also are classified permanently.First, the natural resources is destroyed that make bad impacts the economic search on tourism like LAquila shortly, but in the long-term, it play new landscapes naturally in attracting people to come. Second, the physical capitals are collapsed and governments, investors will tell money to build new ones quick and strongly replace the old. For example, President and fan tan plan to build British-style new town in LAquila, make it much modern and ready to develop. The infrastructures will surpass people the jobs in building and fixing.It affects on human capital who are unemployment and poverty because of the disaster. Last, government will spend much to extend the forecast systems, make it become more accurate and faster in noticing the earthquakes. Definitely, negative or positive effects depend mostly on circumstances. With the high set of degeneracys, public debts and the downturn of national economy Italy will make divide of efforts on turn round the tuition and increase % GDP. CORRUPTION Corruption is a fact of life around the world, appears in all countries with low, medium or even high-income economy.Corruption leads to inequality, wasted resources and wasted public money. Corruption emerges one of the most heartbreaking problems within Italian economy besides high rate of unemployment and public debt, and it is think intimately with criminal organization cogniz e as mafia. There are some different types of turpitude such as bribery, blackmail, tax evasion, official misconduct, etc. (Independent instruction Against Corruption. ) but within this work and the disposed(p) case study we just mention corruption in Italian public full treatment.Transparency Internationals 2008 deprave Payers Index found that public works/construction was the sector most unguarded to corruption in emerging economies worldwide. It is rattling difficult to all in all step exactly the take aim of corruption in a unique(predicate) country since the amount of money touch is not reported. All data used to estimate corruption in this work is based on the figure provided by Transparency International (TI), the global civil society organisation bills itself as a leader in fighting against corruption.TI uses consumer price index (Corruption Perception Index ) rank countries in terms of the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. The CPI draws on different polls and surveys from more than ten independent institutions, for example, orbit imprecate/European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Markets Research Centre, International Institute for solicitude Development and so on. Those surveys are also carried out among businesspeople and country analysts, including surveys of residents of countries.It is not the most accurate tool to measure corruption in any detail country but it is quite reliable. by and by the terrible earthquake on April 6, 2009, according to Interior Minister Roberto Maroni, Italy needs at least 12 billion euros to rebuild Abruzzo (News Source 2009 Reuters). However, with the quite high make up in the 2008 CPI (4. 8 ), the government of Italy has to be cautious and consider carefully when pouring money into reconstructing Abruzzo unless they want to make another scandal Campania 1980, when some money was diverted to the Camorra, one of 3 biggest mafia o rganizations in Italy.When corruption exists, the money from transfer payment in circular flow of income will run out kinda of injecting fully to households. The higher level of corruption is, the more money runs out that circular, causes the lesser supply of money in the whole economy and the government has to spend more money that would raise the public debt. If there is a corruption in the above project of Italy, the government will lawsuit the increase in public debt which exceeded Italys annual GDP already. And if the Italian treasury were unable to find buyers for Italian crowned head bonds, Italy could default.